A number of supramolecular catalysts based on metal complexes of calix[4]arenes and cyclodextrins have been designed. The modified β-cyclodextrins or calix [4]arenes possessing a hydrophobic host cavity were found to be very efficient as mass-transfer promoters for the biphasic Wacker oxidation of higher olefines in water or ionic liquids. Palladium complexes with such ligands showed high substrate selectivity and chemiselectivity to methyl ketones. The resorcinarene iron complexes were active in the hydroxylation of phenol with a high selectivity to catechol and hydroquinone.
Human growth hormone (GH) has several central metabolic functions including bone growth in childhood, and its anabolic and lipolytic effects in particular are assumed reasons for the abuse of GH by athletes. Human endogenous GH consists of a main 22 kDa variant and several isoforms. In contrast, recombinant GH consists of only one variant being identical to the main endogenous isoform. The method presented here separates different isoforms by 2-D PAGE after isolation of GH from plasma using an immunoaffinity purification system. While samples containing endogenous GH yield up to four isoforms, samples with recombinant GH contain the main 22 kDa spot only. Normalized spot volumes (NSV) are calculated after addition of an internal standard and a discrimination limit was determined at 0.52 for the NSV of the main 22 kDa spot. Above this value, samples containing endogenous GH show at least the main 22 kDa isoform and the 20 kDa splice variant. In contrast, samples with a NSV >0.52 and only one spot are suspicious to contain recombinant GH. This method detects discrete isoforms of GH from plasma and discriminates endogenous GH from its recombinant analog, which makes it useful for doping control purposes.
The comparative analysis of electrical parameters of a Caco-2 cell monolayer cultured on substrates coated with laminins 111,332и511 has been carried out. The cell electrical parameters reflect its state and, in particular, its degree of differentiation. Impedance spectroscopy is the most convenient method for comprehensive assessment of electrical parameters. It was shown via this method that laminin 332 was the optimal substrate for CACO-2 cell growth and differentiation in vitro. The use of laminin 511 led to significantly lower electric capacitance, and laminin 111 caused a large increase in TEER.
impedance spectroscopy, laminins, barrier tissues, TEER, electric capacitance, extracellular matrix, Caco-2
The study was funded by the Russian Science Foundation (Project 16-19-10597).
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