A simple ultra performance liquid chromatographic (UPLC) method has been developed for the simultaneous estimation of Metoprolol (MT), Atorvastatin (AT) and Ramipril (RM) from capsule dosage form. The method was developed using Zorbax® XDB-C18 (4.6 mm × 50 mm, 1.8 μm) column with a mobile phase consisting of 0.06% ortho phosphoric acid in Milli Q® water having an ion pair reagent, 0.0045 M Sodium lauryl sulphate as buffer, at ratio of buffer: Acetonitrile (50:50 v/v), at 55°C column temperature with a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. Detection was carried out with ultra-violet detection at 210 nm for RM, MT and AT respectively. The retention times were about 1.3, 2.1 and 2.6 min for MT, AT and RM respectively, the method was validated for linearity, accuracy, precision, specificity, robustness and ruggedness. The % mean recoveries are 101.9, 102.1 and 101.4 for MT, AT and RM respectively. The method was found to be rugged and robust and can be successfully used to determine the three drugs and its combinations.
Pesticides are widely used in agriculture for the management of pests (weeds, insects or pathogens). They are generally applied as a spray to cover the target (e.g. an insect, leaf surfaces or part of a plant) with pesticide-laden droplets. Spray may, however, be lost to non- target areas within a crop through deposition on to the soil or on non-target plant surfaces. The plant architecture of the crop and weed species can influence the distribution of the spray droplets. The action of wind may also result in spray moving away from the spray area. By selecting and using spray equipment and techniques that maximise deposition of pesticides onto the target, it is possible to both maximise the effectiveness of the pesticide application and reduce the amount of off-target deposition and damage. Hence, it is necessary to measure the distribution of spray deposits in the leaves of different crop canopies in relation to droplet size, droplet trajectory, spray application volume and canopy structure. A study on the deposition of spray chemicals on cotton crop was conducted using three methods namely i) Gravimetry method ii) Leaf Area Index and iii) QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe) method and the efficiency of the methods on the requirement of effective volume of spray chemicals for unit cropped area was determined.
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