A halfway house represents the midpoint in the juvenile justice placement continuum, meaning that a youthful offender could be halfway‐in (at risk of being institutionalized) or halfway‐out of correctional confinement (reentry to community; provisionally released). The use of halfway houses for juveniles is predicated on the belief that they can better facilitate offender rehabilitation, reintegration, and reentry, in a more humane and cost‐effective manner, than can more secure and expensive correctional institutions. Halfway houses generally serve males or females, as a community‐based diversion or reentry option, and may specialize in addressing the needs of specific offender populations (e.g., mental health, sexual deviance, or violence issues; alcohol or other drug abuse problems). The future of halfway houses is contingent upon their ability to produce positive outcomes, embrace the principles of effective intervention, and maintain consistency with evidence‐based practices.
Corrupt activities by individuals, organizations, and larger social systems around the world cost businesses, countries, and their citizens, hundreds of millions of dollars in lost revenues, opportunities, and other social benefits every year. As such, the causes and consequences of corruption, and appropriate responses to regulate it, are major concerns of lawmakers, policymakers, law enforcement agencies, and the judicial system. Although corruption is not a new phenomenon, with pre‐Biblical concerns evident in the early writings of Western philosophers, it has become an increasingly high priority in the modern age of a global economy, advancing technology, diminishing natural resources, unstable governments, and unpredictable financial markets.
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