BackgroundThe results of preclinical studies suggest that baclofen may be useful in the treatment of stroke patients with persistent hiccups. This study was aimed to assess the possible efficacy of baclofen for the treatment of persistent hiccups after stroke.MethodsIn total, 30 stroke patients with persistent hiccups were randomly assigned to receive baclofen (n = 15) or a placebo (n = 15) in a double-blind, parallel-group trial. Participants in the baclofen group received 10 mg baclofen 3 times daily for 5 days. Participants assigned to the placebo group received 10 mg placebo 3 times daily for 5 days. The primary outcome measure was cessation of hiccups. Secondary outcome measures included efficacy in the two groups and adverse events.ResultsAll 30 patients completed the study. The number of patients in whom the hiccups completely stopped was higher in the baclofen group than in the placebo group (relative risk, 7.00; 95% confidence interval, 1.91–25.62; P = 0.003). Furthermore, efficacy was higher in the baclofen group than in the placebo group (P < 0.01). No serious adverse events were documented in either group. One case each of mild transient drowsiness and dizziness was present in the baclofen group.ConclusionsBaclofen was more effective than a placebo for the treatment of persistent hiccups in stroke patients.Trial registrationChinese Clinical Trials Register: ChiCTR-TRC-13004554

BackgroundTo explore the association of ALOX5AP single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and haplotype with the occurrence of cerebral infarction in the Han population of northern China.MethodsBlood samples were collected from 236 patients of Han ancestry with a history of cerebral infarction and 219 healthy subjects of Han ancestry with no history of cerebral infarction or cardiovascular disease. Applied Biosystems® TaqMan® SNP Genotyping Assays for SNP genotyping were used to determine the genotypes of 7 ALOX5AP SNP alleles (rs4073259, rs4769874, rs9315050, rs9551963, rs10507391, rs9579646, and rs4147064).ResultsOne SNP allele (A) of rs4073259 was significantly associated with development of cerebral infarction (P = 0.049). In comparison to control groups, haplotype rs9315050&rs9551963 AAAC [OR (95% CI) =1.53 (1.02-2.29)], and genotypes rs4147064 CT [OR (95% CI) =1.872 (1.082-3.241)], and rs9551963 AC [OR (95% CI) = 2.015 (1.165-3.484)] increased the risk of cerebral infarction in patients with hypertension. Genotype rs9579646 GG [OR (95% CI) = 2.926 (1.18-7.251)] increased the risk of, while rs4073259 GG [OR (95% CI) = 0.381 (0.157-0.922)] decreased the risk of cerebral infarction in patients with diabetes.ConclusionThese results suggest the ALOX5AP SNP A allele in rs4073259 and genotype rs9579646 GG, rs9551963 AC, and haplotype rs9315050 & rs9551963 AAAC were associated with an increased risk of ischemic stroke in the Han population, while rs4073259 GG was associated with a decreased risk.

Based on the theory and semi-em pirical form ulas, the surface heating flux of warhead at zero attack angle under aerodynamic heating is calculated by using reference enthalpy method, and the equilibrium curves of temperature for radiation of wall are obtained, by which the anti-thermal effects of blunt leading edge is proved in this paper. At the same time, the anti-thermal effects of thermal protection system with opposing jet are simulated by using methods of CFD. The heating flux of wall under opposing jet is predicted, and the numerical simulation results are well agreement with the experiment results. stagnation point of the hemispherical nose to emit high pressure gas, so that detached shock wave is away from the hemispherical nose under the impact of jet flow, low temperature jet gas attaches to the surface ofobjects under the impact of coming flow and forms the low-temperature gas back flow region near the spout, thereby the quality of heat transferred to wall is reduced, namely the aerodynamic heating is reduced.II. PREDICTION OF AERODYNAMIC HEATINGwhere pOJ and Ps is gas density of wall and stagnation point respectively, Jim and Jis is gas viscosity coefficient of wall and stagnation point respectively. To non-stagnation region, the interesting domain is limited to the laminar boundary layer in this paper, after taking impact of wall temperature into account, Lees heating flux equation for laminar flow is qwJ p*J/u e r 1 jii; (lP*.u*uer21dxt (2) qOJS 2(j+l)P;.u;C;1 for plane flow j = 0 ; for symmetry flow j = 1 . The method of reference enthalpy is used in (2) and Eckert reference(1) Calculation ofHeating FluxThe parameters of boundary layer edge are calculated by solving three-dimensional unsteady compressible Euler equations directly. Euler equations are discretized by using Finite Volume Method and the computational grids are unstructured. After this we use four-step Runge-Kutta Law to carry out numerical calculating with explicit time integral scheme.The heating flux of stagnation point is calculated by using Fay-Riddell equation [4]. Related dimensionless parameters are assumed to be constants: Pr = 0.71, Le = 1.0 -2.0 , Psf.1s/P m f.1(J) = 0.17 -1.0, then the heating flux equation of stagnation point under the condition of equilibrium boundary layer is qOJs = O.763P r -n·6 (pOJf.JOJ J0.

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