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Nine members of a family with a high incidence of duodenal ulcer disease were studied by interview, examination of hospital records, endoscopy, and antral biopsy. Helicobacter pylon was confirmed by CLO test, histology and culture. DNA extraction from pure isolates of H pylori was possible in six family members and strain typing was performed by restriction fragment length polymorphism. DNA restriction digestion was followed by vacublotting and then DNA hybridisation, using a cDNA probe complimentary to H pylori rRNA cistrons. Eight of the nine family members were H pylon positive by CLO test and histology. Five had duodenal ulcer disease.

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1. Simultaneous 24 h intragastric acidity and plasma gastrin concentration profiles were determined in 35 healthy young women and 96 healthy young men. 2. The females had a consistently lower median hourly intragastric acidity, and a higher median hourly plasma gastrin concentration, throughout the 24 h. 3. The 24 h integrated intragastric acidity was significantly lower in the female group (females, 485 mmol.h.l-1; males, 842 mmol.h.l-1. P less than 0.001). The 24 h integrated plasma gastrin concentration was significantly higher in the female group (females, 407 pmol.h.l-1; males, 185 pmol.h.l-1; P less than 0.001).

The Royal Free Hospital protocol for simultaneous measurement of 24-hour intragastric acidity and plasma gastrin concentration is described in detail. The methods of analysing such data are discussed, with recommendations for a standard four-way analysis: median hourly 24-hour intragastric acidity or pH, or plasma gastrin concentration; integrated 24-hour intragastric acidity, or plasma gastrin concentration; analysis of integrated values according to meal-related intervals; and quantification of the percentage of time in a 24-hour period that intragastric pH is greater than 3.

Twenty‐four urinary bismuth excretion was measured in five patients who had been treated with tripotassium dicitrato bismuthate, before and after single 1 g oral dose of D‐penicillamine. Before dosing with D‐ penicillamine, the median 24 h urinary bismuth output was 55 micrograms 24 h‐1 (range 17‐156 micrograms 24 h‐1) and following dosing with D‐ penicillamine the median 24 h urinary bismuth output was 53 micrograms 24 h‐1 (range 12‐156 micrograms 24 h‐1). D‐penicillamine does not facilitate the urinary excretion of bismuth, hence it is unsuitable for use as an oral chelator in patients with bismuth intoxication.