Phosphorene has attracted great interest due to its unique electronic and optoelectronic properties owing to its tunable direct and moderate band-gap in association with high carrier mobility. However, its intrinsic instability in air seriously hinders its practical applications, and problems of technical complexity and in-process degradation exist in currently proposed stabilization strategies. A facile pathway in obtaining and stabilizing phosphorene through a one-step, ionic liquid-assisted electrochemical exfoliation and synchronous fluorination process is reported in this study. This strategy enables fluorinated phosphorene (FP) to be discovered and large-scale, highly selective few-layer FP (3-6 atomic layers) to be obtained. The synthesized FP is found to exhibit unique morphological and optical characteristics. Possible atomistic fluorination configurations of FP are revealed by core-level binding energy shift calculations in combination with spectroscopic measurements, and the results indicate that electrolyte concentration significantly modulates the fluorination configurations. Furthermore, FP is found to exhibit enhanced air stability thanks to the antioxidation and antihydration effects of the introduced fluorine adatoms, and demonstrate excellent photothermal stability during a week of air exposure. These findings pave the way toward real applications of phosphorene-based nanophotonics.
With the advent of the digital era, healable electronic devices are being developed to alleviate the propagation of breakdown in electronics due to the mechanical damage caused by bending, accidental cutting or scratching. Meanwhile, flexible transparent electronics, exhibiting high transmittance and robust flexibility, are drawing enormous research efforts due to their potential applications in various integrated wearable electronics. However, the breakdown of flexible transparent electronics seriously limits their reliability and lifetime. Therefore, transparent healable electronics are desired to tackle these problems, yet most of the healable electronics are not transparent nowadays. The combination of high performance, healability, and transparency into electronics is often mutually exclusive. Herein, after a brief introduction of self-healing materials, healable electronics, and flexible transparent electronics, the recent progress in the healable electronic devices without transparency is reviewed in detail. Then, healable transparent electronic devices with high transparency, robust portability, and reliable flexibility are summarized. They are drawing great attention owing to their potential application in optical devices as well as smart wearable and integrated optoelectronic devices. Following that, the critical challenges and prospects are highlighted for the development of healable transparent electronic devices.The ORCID identification number(s) for the author(s) of this article can be found under http://dx.
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