A capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) method with UV detection was developed for the quantification of the E.colil-asparaginase (l-ASNase) and its acidic variants. During the initial method development, a variety of experimental conditions were screened. Subsequently, a Design of Experiments (DoE) was used to optimize the pH and concentration of the selected background electrolyte (BGE) containing both TRIS and boric acid. Optimization was performed taking into account both the separation efficiency of l-ASNase and its acidic variants as well as overall method robustness. A repeatable separation between E.colil-ASNase and its acidic variants was achieved on a bare fused silica capillary in combination with a BGE consisting of both 400 mM TRIS and boric acid. The method was validated for linearity, accuracy, precision, LOD, LOQ and robustness. The recovery for l-ASNase was 97.9-104.4% with a precision RSD of 1.5-3.2%, while the recovery of impurities was 92.1-109.8% with a RSD of 1.7-4.6%. The quantification limit was 1.9% (m/m). Moreover, the CZE-UV method was applied to determine the degradation rate in the presence of ammonium bicarbonate, confirming the suitability of the method. The degraded, partially charged l-ASNase was evaluated for its in-vitro enzymatic activity showing an insignificant different enzyme activity compared to the unmodified sample.
Hyaluronic acid (HA) and proteoglycans (such as dermatan sulphate (DS) and chondroitin sulphate (CS)) are the main components of the extracellular matrix of the skin, along with collagen and elastin. These components decrease with age, which implies a loss of skin moisture causing wrinkles, sagging and aging. Currently, the external and internal administration of effective ingredients that can reach the epidermis and dermis is the main alternative for combating skin aging. The objective of this work was to extract, characterise and evaluate the potential of an HA matrix ingredient to support anti-aging. The HA matrix was isolated and purified from rooster comb and characterised physicochemically and molecularly. In addition, its regenerative, anti-aging and antioxidant potential and intestinal absorption were evaluated. The results show that the HA matrix is composed of 67% HA, with an average molecular weight of 1.3 MDa; 12% sulphated glycosaminoglycans, including DS and CS; 17% protein, including collagen (10.4%); and water. The in vitro evaluation of the HA matrix’s biological activity showed regenerative properties in both fibroblasts and keratinocytes, as well as moisturising, anti-aging and antioxidant effects. Furthermore, the results suggest that the HA matrix could be absorbed in the intestine, implying a potential oral as well as topical use for skin care, either as an ingredient in a nutraceutical or a cosmetic product.
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