BackgroundAtrazine and other corn herbicides are routinely detected in drinking water. Two studies on potential association of atrazine with small-for-gestational-age (SGA) and preterm birth prevalence found inconsistent results. Moreover, these studies did not control for individual-level potential confounders.ObjectivesOur retrospective cohort study evaluated whether atrazine in drinking water is associated with increased prevalence of SGA and preterm birth.MethodsWe developed atrazine concentration time series for 19 water systems in Indiana from 1993 to 2007 and selected all births (n = 24,154) based on geocoded mother’s residences. Log-binomial models were used to estimate prevalence ratios (PRs) for SGA and preterm delivery in relation to atrazine concentrations during various periods of the pregnancy. Models controlled for maternal demographic characteristics, prenatal care and reproductive history, and behavioral risk factors (smoking, drinking, drug use).ResultsAtrazine in drinking water during the third trimester and the entire pregnancy was associated with a significant increase in the prevalence of SGA. Atrazine in drinking water > 0.1 μg/L during the third trimester resulted in a 17–19% increase in the prevalence of SGA compared with the control group (< 0.1 μg/L). Mean atrazine concentrations over the entire pregnancy > 0.644 μg/L were associated with higher SGA prevalence than in the control group (adjusted PR = 1.14; 95% confidence interval, 1.03–1.24). No significant association was found for preterm delivery.ConclusionsWe found that atrazine, and perhaps other co-occurring herbicides in drinking water, is associated with an increased prevalence of SGA, but not preterm delivery.

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Background To report four cases with interesting anatomical presentations of multilayer macular hemorrhages with preretinal hemorrhage possibly preventing subretinal involvement of the macular area. Cases presentation Observational study of four patients presenting with macular hemorrhages. Results Four patients with multilayer macular hemorrhage due to different causes, presented with a halo-shaped submacular hemorrhage coincident with the preretinal hemorrhage borders. After resolution, in all cases, the macular area underneath the preretinal hemorrhage was found to be spared. Conclusion We hypothesized that an extensive preretinal hemorrhage can exert a mechanical force pushing the subretinal hemorrhage towards the periphery, consequently protecting the macular area.

Rev Med (São Paulo). 2014 out.-dez.,93(4):159-64. 159Importância da reavaliação primária seriada na condução do politraumatizado -relato de caso e revisão da literaturaThe importance of the serial primary revaluation in the management of polytrauma -case report and literature review RESUMO:O estudo traz o relato de uma experiência de um paciente vítima de trauma carro versus bicicleta, que sofreu amputação traumática bilateral de membros inferiores. Para isso foram coletadas informações no banco de dados PubMed em 8 artigos, juntamente com informações da nova edição do livro ATLS®, além de informações do paciente, do atendimento pré hospitalar e hopitalar, conduta e evolução. No caso exposto foi realizada correta avaliação primária e sua reavalição seriada, permitindo precoce identificação das lesões e conduta terapêutica, com boa evolução do paciente pós operatório. Afirma-se que a implementação do protocolo ATLS® é grande responsável pela diminuição da mortalidade do paciente politraumatizado. A reavaliação seriada se mostrou imprescindível para detecção do sangramento do paciente, estabilização e tratamento definitivo. DESCRITORES:Cuidados de suporte avançado de vida no trauma; Amputação traumática; Reimplante; Choque hemorrágico; Vasos sanguíneos/lesões; Relatos de casos. ABSTRACT:The paper presentes the report of an accident patient of car x bicycle trauma who suffered traumatic amputation of the lower limbs. Therefore informations from eight articles of Pubmed database and new edition of ATLS book were collected, besides the preexisting informations from prehospital care, hospital care, conduct and evolution of the patient. The case described was carried out correct primary assessment and its serial reassessment, allowing early identification of lesions and therapeutic approach, with favorable postoperative patient. It is stated that the implementation of ATLS® protocol is largely responsible for the decrease in mortality of polytrauma patients. Serial reassessment proved to be indispensable for detection of patient bleeding, stabilization and final treatment.

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Introduction: Macula edema consists in one of the most common causes of visual impairment. Objective: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of continuous release of 0.7 mg dexamethasone (using implantable device) for treatment of macular edema. Methods: Cross-sectional observational study of 16 patients treated with 0.7 mg dexamethasone intraocular implant. Visual acuity, intraocular pressure and central macular thickness were recorded at baseline, 1-month and 3-month follow-up. Results: 15 eyes of 13 patients were included. Most eyes (n=9) improve visual acuity from baseline at 1-month follow-up; this improvement persisted through 3-monyh follow-up in six eyes. The central macular thickness decreased in the majority of the subjects at 1-month (n=12) and at 3-month (n=10) follow-up. Three eyes presented with elevated intraocular pressure. Conclusion: Dexamethasone implant can both reduce the risk of vision loss and improve anatomical features of macular edema due to several pathologies studied. This implant may be used safely and should be considered a therapeutic option to Brazilian Public Health System.