RESUMENEl objetivo de este trabajo es analizar las diferencias en la intensidad de la fecundidad que existen actualmente en el interior de las provincias españolas, particularmente la que se encuentra entre las capitales de provincia y sus restos provinciales, así como explicar la evolución reciente de dicho fenómeno en España. Mientras que la diferenciación en los valores de la fecundidad entre provincias ha sido objeto clásico de estudio, poco se sabe de las diferencias internas y de su evolución. Los resultados alcanzados en este trabajo indican la existencia de diferencias en dos direcciones: en las provincias más urbanas las capitales (especialmente aquellas con un término municipal más reducido y que no incluyen, por lo tanto, nuevas áreas periféricas de expansión) experimentan menor fecundidad que el resto de sus respectivas provincias; en cambio, en las provincias más rurales, donde la población joven se concentra en la capital, es ésta la que muestra una mayor fecundidad que los municipios rurales del resto de la provincia.Palabras clave: Fecundidad, Análisis territorial, Proceso de urbanización, Población extranjera, España. SPATIAL DIFFERENCES ON FERTILITY IN SPAIN: A PROVINCIAL BASED ANALYSIS ABSTRACTThe main goal of this paper is to analyse present fertility intensity differences within Spanish provinces, focusing on differences between province capitals and the rest of their respective provinces, and on how these have recently changed. Despite fertility differences between provinces are widely treated in the literature, differences within them and their changes across time are far less explored. Results indicate that there are two different trends. In capitals of urban provinces -particularly in capital cities with no space to grow and, therefore, affected by significant suburbanisation flows-, fertility is lower there than in the rest of the province. However, in rural provinces, where young cohorts concentrate in their capitals, fertility is higher here than in the rest of the province.
After the deep economic crisis that began in 2008, in 2014, Spain started to show signs of recovery, entering the so-called “post-crisis” period. Though it has not yet reached the entire population, economic improvement has had a positive impact on the real estate market, economic activity, and employment. Residential mobility has also increased, but flows have become more unstable and complex. The direction of these flows, the reasons for moving, and the ages and socioeconomic categories of migrants have diversified. These complex “new mobility” patterns are reconfiguring the spatial distribution of the population in Spanish urban areas. On the basis of Continuous Register (Padrón Continuo) microdata, this paper primarily aims to study population changes in the 69 Spanish functional urban areas (FUAs) defined by the National Institute of Statistics (INE)/Eurostat, focusing on their population growth or decline in their centers and peripheries during the crisis (2011–2015) and post-crisis (2015–2019) phases. Then, the paper analyzes the five major Spanish metropolises (Madrid, Barcelona, Valencia, Seville, and Bilbao) in greater depth. The findings confirm the hypothesis that, during the post-crisis period, the population growth of cores and rings and thus the spatial distribution of urban inhabitants have been changing, resulting in the growing demographic heterogeneity of Spanish urban areas that are diversifying both internally and compared to each other.
The development of dispersed urbanism in Spain ran parallel to the real estate boom and consolidated a new model of city sprawl based on the expansion of suburban areas. This process, which started in the mid 1980s, came to a halt with the onset of the economic crisis in 2007. With it, construction stopped, mobility fell, and urban growth came to a standstill. The purpose of this article is, firstly, to analyse the recent evolution and chronology of the expansion of dispersed urbanism in the Barcelona Metropolitan Region (BMR) in order to gain an insight into some of its explanatory factors, and secondly, to look into the future middle-term prospects of dispersed urbanism in the BMR and Spain. To this end, we examine trends in the housing market and residential mobility and take stock of the impact of business cycles on them. The conclusion is that dispersed areas still retain their appeal for people in the life stages of the creation and expansion of households. For this reason, an effective economic recovery and a renewed rise in the price of housing in denser cities may contribute to an upturn in the popularity of the dispersed residential model, which nowadays could be considered to be in a ‘lethargic’ phase, waiting for certain factors to concur and reactivate its expansion.
Los hogares unipersonales en España se han ido transformando, aumentado su representatividad y diversificando su composición a la vez que han adquirido gran protagonismo en las áreas urbanas. La distribución territorial de esta tipología de hogar no es homogénea en el interior de los espacios urbanos como tampoco lo son las características de las personas que viven solas. La especialización territorial de hogares unipersonales a nivel intrametropolitano es un fenómeno poco estudiado y el objetivo principal de análisis de este artículo. Las grandes ciudades, y en especial, los centros históricos son los que concentran una mayor proporción de hogares de una sola persona; no sólo debido a un mayor envejecimiento sino por ser localizaciones preferentes para la población joven y adulta que vive sola. El artículo analiza la evolución de los hogares unipersonales en las dos mayores áreas urbanas de España (Madrid y Barcelona) poniendo de manifiesto las diferencias entre la capital y el resto de sus respectivas áreas examinando la localización territorial de los hogares de jóvenes (18-35 años), de adultos (36-64 años) y de mayores (> 65 años) a escala inframunicipal, a partir de la elaboración del cociente de localización, y explicando las características sociodemográficas de las personas que viven solas a partir de un análisis de árbol. El trabajo se nutre, principalmente, de los microdatos del Censo de 2011.
The development of dispersed urbanism in Spain ran parallel to the real estate boom and consolidated a new model of city sprawl based on the expansion of suburban areas. This process, which started in the mid 1980s, came to a halt with the onset of the economic crisis in 2007. With it, construction stopped, mobility fell and urban growth came to a standstill. The purpose of this article is to carry out an analysis of the recent evolution and chronology of the expansion of dispersed urbanism in the Barcelona Metropolitan Region (BMR) in order to gain an insight into some of the explanatory factors of such expansion and to deal with the future prospects of middle-term development of dispersed urbanism in the BMR and in Spain. To do this, we examine the trends in the housing market, in residential mobility and we take stock of the impact of business cycles. The conclusion is that dispersed areas retain their appeal in the stages of creation and expansion of households. For this reason, an effective economic recovery and a renewed rise in the price of housing in denser cities may contribute to an upturn in the popularity of the dispersed residential model, which nowadays could be considered to be in a ‘lethargic’ stage, waiting for certain factors to coincide and re-activate its expansion.
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