RESUMO CONTEXTO:Partimos do pressuposto que a preservação do desempenho das atividades básicas e instrumentais de vida diária em idosos institucionalizados contribui para a potenciação e conservação da função cognitiva. OBJETIVOS: Avaliar se a capacidade funcional para as atividades de vida diária prediz a função cognitiva dos idosos institucionalizados em Equipamentos Residenciais. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal correlacional preditivo, com recurso a amostra aleatória simples constituída por 475 sujeitos. Instrumentos: Mini-Mental State Examination (Guerreiro et al., 1994); Índice de Barthel (Araújo, Ribeiro, Oliveira e Pinto, 2007) e Escala de Lawton & Brody (Araújo, Ribeiro, Oliveira, Pinto e Martins, 2008). RESULTADOS: Os idosos que residem nas instituições residenciais são maioritariamente do género feminino, com idades compreendidas entre 65 e 104 anos (M = 83,94, DP = 7,21), na maioria viúvos e analfabetos. O modelo de regressão múltipla sugere que as atividades bási-cas e instrumentais de vida diária explicam cerca de 49% da variância existente do estado mental dos idosos. Verificou-se que as atividades instrumentais de vida diária correspondem ao preditor com maior peso, embora a contribuição das atividades básicas de vida diária seja também, estatisticamente, significativa para o modelo. CONCLUSÕES: O modelo sugere que a manutenção da execução das atividades de vida diária beneficia o estado cognitivo nestes utentes. Através de intervenções de estimulação motora e social, os idosos poderão preservar a sua autonomia na realização de atividades de vida diária, que por sua vez potenciam uma maior saúde mental, melhor bem-estar e maior autoestima.
The reduction of the functional capacity in older people is the result of physical, psychological and functional changes related to the ageing process, compromising the performance of daily life activities. Assessing their functional capacity and their self‐care profile can facilitate the planning of targeted strategies related to stimulation, as well as cognitive and motor rehabilitation. This study aims to evaluate and analyse the functional capacity, as well as the level of dependence in self‐care of older people in senior care centres. This is a transversal exploratory study, quantitative in nature. The sample was comprised of 313 participants, randomly selected from a set of senior care centres, with an average age of 83.41 (SD=7.14) years, recruited from the interior North of Portugal. The data collection instruments included the Barthel Index, the Lawton and Brody Scale, the Evaluation Form of Dependence in Self‐care, the Self‐care of Home Dwelling Elderly (self‐care subscale profiles) and a questionnaire on demographic data. The elderly showed several levels of dependence on different self‐care items. It was possible to observe that the staff often replaces the elderly in many of the tasks that could still be performed by them, and thus aggravates their levels of dependence. The link observed between functional capacity and self‐care profiles highlights the need to focus on the notion of a healthy and active ageing process, especially in some profiles. The monitoring of the functional capacity and the self‐care profile can provide knowledge concerning the potential for autonomy and individual needs, thus enabling targeted and more responsive interventions for the individual and the real needs of older people.
The concept of self-care in the elderly has been frequently associated with autonomy, independence and personal accountability. Self-care practices are a result of individual lifestyles and paths adapted to the circumstances and expectations of the elderly. Based on the model by Backman and Hentinen (1999), the present study attempts to categorically describe the types of self-care of the elderly. This is an exploratory study, transversal, of a quantitative nature. The sample was comprised of 313 participants, randomly selected among Elderly Care Centres in the interior North of Portugal. The Portuguese version of Self-care of Home Dwelling Elderly was used for data collection. The results call for a replication of the study, using the theoretical derivation of the four self-care profiles (responsible, formally guided, independent and abandoned).
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