Romania is blessed with a rich spontaneous flora, but some of the plants are toxic by their consumption in cattle, affecting the health, productions and endangering consumer safety. Sometimes even the consumption of small amounts causes poisoning with a broad extension: from mild, moderate to severe and with chronic or acute manifestations. Plant action is not similar.
Through the regulations CE.834/2007 and implementing rules CE 889/2008, regarding the organic production the treatment with antibiotics in livestock are extremely limited. Therefore plants can replace medicines in treatment of certain conditions. The plants used in ethnoveterinary medicine are varied depending on area, but this review refers to plants existing in Romania identical to those existing in other areas of the world, some being used only in certain areas, others in areal extended, but it can be a start for farmers to seek natural remedies. There are 66 plant species which belong to a large number of families, but most plants belong to the family Asteraceae (11 -16.66%), followed by species of family Solanaceae (6.06%) and family: Malvaceae, Adoxaceae, Convolvulacea, Euphorbiaceae, Fabaceae with 3 species each (4.54%). Of the plants, 11 species (16.8%) are considered to be toxic and 18 (27.2%) potentially toxic but, have therapeutic effect in extremely small amounts. Regardless of the area, plants are used in the same treatments in different form.
Researches were performed in 5 farms (F1, F2, F3, F4, F5) with a total of 20 dairy cows heads/ farm whit similar growth conditions, system maintenance: tied-stall during cold season and grazing in spring-autumn season. Animal shelters are the undersized in terms of requirements related with necessary of fresh air, and the introduction of clean air. Air volumes calculated after carbon dioxide and humidity indicates de iciencies on removing harmful gases during winter [CO%: 0.4±0.03 (F1)-0.6±0.02 (F2); NH 3 : 0.21±0.3 (F1)-0.26.8±0.04 (F3)] and air low produced by ventilation unorganized adopted [0.6±0.22 (F1)-0.92±0.29 (F4] increase the degree of discomfort to the animals. Comfort and welfare in terms of the surface resting expressed by cow comfort index (CCI) and Stall Standing Index (SSI), assessed by repeated observations varies between: CCI= 70% (F2) and 90% (F1, F4), SSI=10±8.52 (F5)-30±13.484 (F2) during winter depending on the degree of comfort provided by stand size. Between THI values obtained and these indicators notice differences extremely signi icant. Mobility and locomotion score/overall farms indicate values between 1.90±0.49 (F5) and 2±0.56 (F3) on grazing season but higher in the cold season, existing whole range of relationships: from insigni icant to extremely signi icant.
The aim of this work was the investigation of the effect of bedding type on the airborne concentration of bacteria and fungi in broiler houses. The study was performed in two commercial farms (A and B) with different bedding (chopped straw in farm A, sunflower seed hulls in farm B). The determination of the bacteria and fungi’s numbers was performed in the first and the sixth weeks of the production cycle. Both the concentration of the bacteria and fungi showed higher values in the farm A compared with the farm B, especially in the latter period of the production cycle. In both farms, significant differences (P < 0.05) were recorded between the two periods of the determinations. The results of this study suggest that using sunflower seed hulls as bedding leads to lower levels of microbial contamination of the air in broiler houses, comparing with the use of chopped straw.
The purpose of the research was to evaluate the degree of reduction of the bacterial load of water using as chemical disinfectant chloramine T 1% (ChT1%) and physical disinfection using UV at a wavelength of 253.93 μm, 30 minutes exposure time. The results of the research show a more significant reduction of TNG/ml of water in samples subjected to exposure to UV, but in this case the decrease is affected by the turbidity of the water.
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