Over the last decades, social isolation and loneliness among older adults have given rise to an increased interest in the study of intergenerational relationships. Intergenerational programs provide a great opportunity for older adults to connect with people of other generations. Many studies have reported the beneficial effects of these programs, improving the mental and physical health of the elderly and contributing to better academic formation and social skills in children. The aim of this study was to examine the benefits, satisfaction, and limitations of the intergenerational interactions derived from the performance of face-to-face activities, such as daily and healthcare activities, educational, cultural and leisure activities, and physical or sport activities. Participants were subjects living in Spain of any age (grouped into three age groups: <22, 22–40, and >40 years old) and from different social groups who completed an electronic 88-item questionnaire. The analysis of sociodemographic variables of the survey respondents revealed that people aged 40 or more, with personal autonomy, single or married, and living with a partner and/or other relative, and not retired, performed face-to-face activities with people of other generations with a significantly higher frequency than the rest of the groups for each variable. Most participants who participated in intergenerational face-to-face activities reported benefits to their physical and mental health, mood, relationships, self-determination, social participation, and academic education. Most participants were quite or very satisfied with the person with whom they performed this type of activities, especially if this person was a friend or a close relative. Except for grandparents, people who participated in intergenerational face-to-face activities and who had no limitations or disabilities were more frequently reported by the participants. In conclusion, intergenerational interactions derived from the performance of face-to-face activities can contribute to improve both the physical and mental health, social skills, and relationships of all people involved.
The aim of this review is to identify relevant elements that ensure the effectiveness and efficiency of empirically based interventions (EBI), contrasting virtual and face-to-face intervention on active aging variables based on these indicators. We selected and encoded the 38 intervention studies (24 face-to-face, 12 virtual and 2 both modalities). These studies focus on six dimensions of quality of life, were published in the last decade and provide us data that allow the calculation of effect size and other comparative analysis. Descriptive and multivariate analyses show that the effectiveness of virtual empirically based interventions is comparable with face-to-face intervention depending on EBI indicators. We discuss the contributions and perspectives of such interventions. In conclusion, we advocate the need to increase the requirement of compliance with EBI indicators in interventions of this type.Keywords: virtual interventions, face-to-face interventions, active aging, empirically based interventions. ResumenEl objetivo de esta revisión es identificar los elementos relevantes que garantizan la eficacia y eficiencia de las intervenciones basadas empíricamente (IBE) contrastando la modalidad virtual y presencial sobre variables de envejecimiento activo en función de estos indicadores. Se seleccionaron y codificaron los 38 estudios de intervención (24 presenciales, 12 virtuales y 2 ambas modalidades) centrados en las 6 dimensiones de calidad de vida, publicados en la última década y que aportaban datos que permitían el cálculo del tamaño del efecto, así como otros análisis comparativos. Los análisis descriptivos y multivariados practicados muestran una eficacia de las intervenciones virtuales basadas empíricamente comparable con las presenciales dependiendo de los controles practicados. Se discuten las aportaciones y perspectivas de dichas intervenciones a la luz de los resultados y se concluye en la necesidad de aumentar la exigencia de cumplimiento de indicadores IBE en las intervenciones de este tipo.Palabras clave: intervenciones virtuales, intervenciones presenciales, envejecimiento activo, intervenciones basadas empíricamente.
The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between favorable and stressful life experiences and perceived quality of life, practices that promote quality of life, psychological profiles, and the daily use of web 2.0 tools in adults and older adults. An online questionnaire was designed, which was administered to 1,095 Spanish adults and older adults, and conducted descriptive and multivariate analyses using the general linear model. Our results showed that favorable and stressful life experiences alike were associated with differential patterns in psychological profiles, perceived quality of life and daily activities and practices that affect quality of life, including the use of web 2.0 tools. Favorable life experiences mainly affected psychological profiles and the use of web 2.0 tools, whereas stressful life experiences affected the other factors analyzed. Statistically significant differences were not found according to age and gender. These findings have important implications for promoting successful psychological and social interventions.
A study was carried out with the purpose of determining the day-to-day practices, positive and stressful life experiences, and psychological profiles that underpin different perceptions of quality of life and perceived satisfaction. A total of 1095 adults and elderly people from Spain participated in the study. An online instrument designed using the tool Google Forms was administered to them. Descriptive and multivariate analysis was performed using the general linear model (GLM). Three types of finding were obtained. First, we identified everyday practices that promote perceived quality of life and perceived satisfaction. Second, we established the relationship between certain positive and stressful life experiences, their consequences, and different perceptions of quality of life and perceived satisfaction. Finally, we identified the distinguishing psychological profiles associated with these constructs. The results obtained here can contribute to the development of more successful psychological and social interventions. They reveal a set of indicators that, based on empirical evidence, should be part of any intervention design.
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