The scientific literature on mental health has found an association between physical activity and emotional wellbeing and recommends active leisure activities as a way of keeping stress under control. The purpose of this research study is to analyze the level of anxiety, the symptoms of depression and the level of self-esteem of people practicing speleology, as well as possible gender differences. This paper also attempts to understand whether self-esteem is associated with the presence of symptoms of depression in speleologists and whether anxiety has a mediating effect. We conduct a cross-sectional and descriptive research study with a sampling of 105 adult speleologists. The results reveal that the total mediation model is applicable, as self-esteem has a significant indirect association with depression through trait anxiety, as well as a partial mediation model that is applicable through state anxiety. This means that speleologists with high levels of self-esteem, who appreciate and value themselves adequately, reveal lower levels of trait anxiety, and this negatively influences their levels of depression (that is, a lower level of depressive symptoms). At the same time, speleologists with high levels of self-esteem, who appreciate and value themselves adequately, also reveal lower levels of state anxiety, which again has a negative impact on their levels of depression (with fewer symptoms of depression). Emotions such as anxiety, self-esteem, depression and their collateral effects are international topics of interest, which are relevant for people from all sporting backgrounds; therefore, value should be placed on supporting and carrying out further research into this topic.
Durante el confinamiento mundial provocado por la COVID-19, la práctica de actividades rítmicas y bailadas en tiempo de ocio se ha incrementado, manteniéndose la demanda durante toda la época de pandemia. Concretamente, el confinamiento ha provocado que estas actividades se hayan realizado de forma no presencial y las continuas restricciones han obligado a adaptar la actividad a un formato mixto. El objetivo de esta investigación es conocer qué aspectos de la competencia emprendedora han implementado estos profesionales para afrontar con éxito este crecimiento en la demanda de actividad. Estos profesionales de la danza han tenido que adaptarse a un nuevo formato de práctica nunca antes planteado y superar la situación de crisis mediante el uso de la competencia emprendedora, innovando y manteniendo la ocupación empresarial. La investigación es cualitativa y la metodología de análisis pretende contribuir al conocimiento a partir de la Teoría Fundamentada construida tras analizar de forma sistemática las entrevistas realizadas a emprendedores de diversas escuelas de danza. Las entrevistas se estructuran en torno a seis bloques temáticos: aspectos socio-demográficos; aspectos empresariales; espíritu empresarial; espíritu emprendedor; competencias personales y atributos y, por último, conocimientos y aspectos vinculados a la actividad como práctica de ocio. Para el análisis se utiliza el software ATLAS TI Cloud. La discusión de resultados permite concluir que los emprendedores han encontrado la motivación en el compromiso social a partir de su sensibilidad personal para enfrentar la realidad con decisión. Han ofrecido un nuevo producto sopesando riesgos e identificando la nueva demanda como una oportunidad. Igualmente, han emprendido proyectos ambiciosos que han dado como resultado una sociedad más equitativa y una nueva adhesión a la práctica de esta actividad.
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