This paper explores the main elements that influence innovation and the relationships among them. It is pointed out that innovation results from an entrepreneurial action inside an established institutional context, sustained by resources, abilities and competences and with the support of the necessary financial capital. Therefore, it is proposed that innovation is a function (just as the microeconomic production function) composed of entrepreneurship, institutions, capabilities and capital. Each one of these elements is explored individually and the relationships among them are analyzed. It is still suggested that the size of the firm is a moderator in the relationship between these elements and innovation. The study's contribution is the development of a conceptual model. Phone: +55 51 3308 3728 / Fax: +55 51 3308 3991. amsantos@ea.ufrgs.br (5) PPGA/UNB. ICC Norte Módulo 25 sub-solo. Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro/UNB.
R&D, entrepreneurship and innovation are surely linked concepts. The general idea is that, to have actual innovative outcomes, R&D projects should be managed based on pre-existing individual and organizational entrepreneurial culture and attitude. On the one hand, we consider entrepreneurial behavior as the search for both new technological and new commercial venture opportunities. Is the clear acceptance of risk taking, but also the clear expectation of Schumpeterian extraordinary profits. On the other hand, investments on R&D projects are the very crystallization of deliberate and organized efforts to really reach acknowledged economic results from these new ventures. Firms that work closely to these dimensions should, thus, easily reach innovation and competitiveness. Brazilian reality, however, indicates that this sort of R&D-entrepreneurship-innovation tripod seems to have some important gap. Very low levels of R&D expenditures (something around 1% of GDP over the last decades) coped with an entrepreneurial culture that barely is focused on opening new companies (with no new ventures!) completely blast the expectation on having technological innovation and socio-economic development together. Therefore, where is the missing link? Based on the national science and technology statistics and on a recent field research made over 450 Brazilian businessmen, this paper aims to make some light on one possible explanation for the above mentioned gap. The low level of both R&D expenditures and innovative outcomes seems to be directly related to the absence of an innovative culture in what one should call "the Brazilian Businessmen DNA". Looking closely, we found that most of Brazilian entrepreneurs are only focused on operational management practices as very drivers for running their business. They surely try to align their business strategy with marketing, operations, financial, or HR strategies. Even more, they work improvising, making gimmicks and praying on a sort of "the Brazilian Way" of behavior.
This research aims to explore the relationship between service innovation and international development of service firms. Therefore a theoretical model is tested with the purpose of explaining how firms achieve international performance. Data from a specific survey answered by 51 top managers of business service firms are analyzed using the Partial Least Squares method. The result shows that service innovation does play a significant role in international performance but far less than international experience. Symmetrically, international competence of the firm’s personnel enhances innovative behavior. The ability to use ICT appears also to be a powerful driver for both strategies
O Governo Brasileiro vem elaborando documentos oficiais sobre a política pública de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação – CT&I no País. Para o período de 2016 a 2022, foi publicado o documento intitulado Estratégia Nacional de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação – ENCTI, contendo várias previsões, dentre elas, cinco desafios. O presente artigo, fundado na teoria do federalismo, analisa estes desafios por intermédio de dados contidos num relatório oficial do Senado Federal e entrevistas realizadas com dois Diretores do Governo Federal. Trata-se de um estudo de caso, de natureza descritiva e qualitativa. Mediante a análise de conteúdo, os cinco desafios foram categorizados e, a partir das informações do documento do Senado Federal e das percepções das autoridades entrevistadas, foi realizada a descrição e análise dos desafios dentro do atual cenário brasileiro. Este artigo contextualiza e aprofunda os estudos sobre federalismo e políticas públicas de CT&I no Brasil para pesquisadores, acadêmicos, empresários e agentes públicos.
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