Landfill sites have been the most common way of eliminating solid urban waste, as well as that of public and mining wastes. Landfill sites are a constant source of environmental pollution and wind is the most important contributing factor to air pollution, due to the erosion which it produces over the landfill site surfaces, transporting dust away from the source point. This causes serious risks for human health and general dirt in the surrounding areas of the landfill site. The result of dust air pollution produced in a landfill site is analysed through CFD3D (Computational Fluid Dynamics) by joining the LIDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) technique and Ansys CFX 10.0 software. The CFD simulations determine the wind velocity distribution on the landfill site surface and the different particle threshold friction velocities which determine the dust emission in multiphase simulations (air-particles). These simulations are validated from field data obtained in three measurement programmes for each type of landfill site surface treatment which has been studied. It was determined that the superficial landfill site treatment with the lowest air pollution is tall grass and bushes. The methodology used can be applied to the dust emission calculation in the design or evaluation of other landfill sites.
The significance of the dust emission study in open mineral storage piles is due to the great increase in bulk solids port terminals as a result of the increase in demand for different granular mineral.These piles are a significant source of pollutants into the atmosphere since they are affected by gusts of wind. The wind erodes the pile surface causing windblown particles to pollute the surrounding areas, cause sea water pollution in Port Systems and/or breathable air pollution in nearby areas.There are various preventive measures which minimize the erosion produced by the wind, such as total or partial covering, the use of water and chemical spraying which create a superficial crust and the colocation of natural or artificial fences (more widely used).In this research, the effect of different types of fence configurations, such as, straight, curved and with a bottom gap, for the particle emissions into the atmosphere has been analyzed by means of the Post Method which has been carried out by our Research Group incorporating Ansys CFX-10.0 software the US EPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency) emission formulae. The results obtained in this method have been proved and adjusted by measurement programmes that have been carried out in industrial installations.The best results correspond to the straight fence with a bottom gap located as much upstream as downstream from the pile.
Landfill sites are the simplest and most common ways to eliminate urban solid waste, although large amounts of pollutants are introduced into the environment, such us dust, gas, soluble and insoluble substances.Both the digital model of the landfill surface and the three-dimensional meshing of the domain, where the dispersion phenomena is analyzed, are essential when modelling pollutant behaviour using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD3D).The commonly used Digital Surface Models are generated by combining a set of geometric primitives. These are obtained through a process of scanning, in which a set of points, which geometrically defines the landfill site, are identified by the derived cartography.In this study, we propose a procedure to digitally model a real surface from a data point cloud obtained through LIDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) technology, which identifies, in real-time, the main geometry that defines its surface. Thus, these landfill digital models are exported into the Ansys CFX 10.0 software for numerical modelling, in order to analyze the behaviour of dust and odours generated by the landfill site.The importance of LIDAR data technology in the study of environmental pollution produced by landfill sites is supported by the correlation between the obtained results through modelling and those obtained through field measurement programmes.
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