“…To date, several mathematical models had been proposed in the area of mine ventilation ranging from zero-dimensional heat transfer model [5], one-dimensional network flow model [6] to three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models focusing on ventilation airflow [7e9], airflow ventilation-methane for steady [10e12] and transient [13] behavior, airflow ventilationdust control [14e17], airflow ventilation-diesel emission control [18,19], airflow ventilation-fire [20,21] and airflow ventilationblasting gas [22] behaviors. None of these studies, however, had focused on three-dimensional modeling of thermal management in underground mines which is the theme of this paper.…”