Recent advances in poultry practice have produced new tools enabling the poultry industry to increase productivity. Aiming at increasing production quality, varying protocols of in ovo injection facilitate the introduction of exogenous substances into the egg to complement the nutrients that support embryonic development up to hatching, which are already available in the internal and external compartments. Due to embryonic sensitivity, adding any substance into the egg can be either advantageous or disadvantageous for embryonic survival and can influence hatch rates. Thus, understanding the relationship between poultry practices and production rates is the first step towards successful commercial application. This review aims to assess the influence on hatch rates of injecting different substances in ovo, including effects on embryo and chick health parameters where these are reported. Bibliographic mappings of co-authorship of citations, co-occurrence of keywords, and bibliographic coupling based on the in ovo injection technique and hatchability parameters were also performed. Using the Scopus database, 242 papers were retrieved, reviewed, and submitted for bibliographic mapping using the VOSviewer® software. This review provides a broad overview of just over 38 years’ research on the subject, revealing that studies have significantly increased and peaked in 2020, being produced primarily by US researchers and published primarily in the journal Poultry Science. It also reveals that despite negative reports relating to some substances in the embryo, in ovo delivery of substances may possibly change the poultry industry for the better in terms of production rates (hatchability) and/or poultry health.

Este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar classificações de séries temporais MODIS-NDVI, com 3 diferentes algorítimos, buscando identificar a quantidade ideal de imagens para estudos em ambientes com altas taxas de nebulosidade. O recorte espacial utilizado para o estudo foi o município de Capixaba, localizado no Estado do Acre na região amazônica. Para cada imagem NDVI, construiu-se uma máscara de nuvem. Esta máscara permitiu organizar o cubo temporal por quantitativo de cobertura de nuvem. Assim, testou-se o impacto da eliminação das imagens com alta nebulosidade para a classificação da série. A cada corte, o cubo temporal foi refeito, avaliando resultados para um novo conjunto de bandas. Para a análise de acurácia, adotou-se o coeficiente Kappa. Ao todo foram feitas 84 classificações. Foram testados 3 algoritmos de classificação (Mínima Distância, Spectral Angle Maper e Spectral Correlation Mapper) e 4 diferentes interações entre classes e amostras. Observou-se que, ao longo do período analisado, aproximadamente 80% das imagens apresentaram cobertura de nuvens acima de 90%. Os testes mostraram que a retirada das imagens com nuvem, aumentou a qualidade da classificação, sendo que os melhores resultados foram encontrados em cubos pequenos (10 a 35 imagens) e com baixa cobertura de nuvem (0 a ~6 %). O algoritimo Mínima Distância apresentou o menor coeficiente de variação dentre os resultados encontrados, mostrando menor sensibilidade à presença de nuvens.

Coatings of rice flour (RF), reinforced or not with rosemary essential oil (ROS), were used to evaluate changes in the internal quality of quail eggs stored at room temperature. Quality parameters [egg weight loss (EWL, %), Haugh unit (HU), yolk index (YI), albumen and yolk pH], microbiological (counts of total aerobic mesophilic bacteria and Enterobacteriaceae) and sensory (colour, aroma, odour, texture, taste, and general acceptability) parameters were evaluated during the experiment. Compared to the number of total aerobic mesophilic bacteria on the shell of uncoated eggs (2.02 ± 0.49; 1.78 ± 0.20 log10 CFU mL−1), RF/ROS exhibited significant inhibition effects for these bacteria on 0. (1.16 ± 0.25 log10 CFU mL−1) and 21. (0.84 ± 0.11 log10 CFU mL−1) days of storage at room temperature. On days 7, 14, and 21, RF had no effect on HU (P > 0.05), but eggs coated with RF/ROS had significantly higher HU (P < 0.05) than uncoated eggs from day 14, maintaining grade AA (73.88 ± 2.67) on day 21, while uncoated eggs had grade A (68.90 ± 1.55) at that time. The RF coating reinforced with ROS was a bioactive, efficient, and safe formulation for application based on internal quality, microbiological and sensorial aspects of quail eggs.

This study evaluated the microbiological and internal quality of quail eggs stored for 21 days at room temperature (29.53 ± 1.36 °C) after being coated with green banana flour and Tahiti lemon essential oil (GBF/TAH). One hundred and sixty-two quail eggs were equally distributed into three treatments: (1) uncoated eggs, (2) eggs coated with green banana flour (GBF), and (3) eggs coated with GBF/TAH. The Haugh unit (HU) of the eggs was significantly lower in the third week for uncoated eggs (70.94 ± 1.63, grade A) compared to eggs coated with GBF/TAH (81.47 ± 2.38, grade AA). On the 21st day of storage, the eggs coated with GBF/TAH had significantly lower total counts of aerobic mesophilic bacteria in the shell and egg contents compared to the other treatments. GBF/TAH coating is an effective blending approach to reduce the microbial load of the shell and egg contents and preserve the sensory and internal quality of the eggs.

The sanitization of hatching eggs is the backbone of the hygienic–sanitary management of eggs on farms and extends to the hatchery. Poultry production gains depend on the benefits of sanitizers. Obtaining the maximum yield from incubation free of toxic sanitizers is a trend in poultry farming, closely following the concerns imposed through scientific research. The toxic characteristics of formaldehyde, the primary sanitizer for hatching eggs, are disappointing, but it is a cheap, practical and widely used antimicrobial. To overcome this shortcoming, multiple synthetic and natural chemical sanitizers have been, and continue to be, tested on hatching eggs. This review aims to evaluate the effects of different sanitizers on the microbiological quality of hatching eggshells and poultry health during embryogenesis and early stages after hatching.

One challenge in the study of optical remotely sensed time series in the Amazon is the constant cloud cover. The present study evaluates different compositing techniques using regular and non-regular intervals to obtain cloud-free images over large areas. The study area was the municipality of Capixaba in the State of Acre, belonging to the Amazon region. The tests considered four compositing algorithms (maximum, minimum, mean, and median) for daily MODIS sensor data (b1 and b2, 250m). The compositing technique from regular intervals adopted the following periods: 8, 16, 24, 32, 40, and 48 days. The irregular interval composite images adopted different composition intervals for dry seasons (April to September) and rainy (October to March).  The cloud mask and viewing angle constraint allowed to obtain information without atmospheric interference and closest to nadir view. The composite images using regular intervals did not allow to overcome the high frequency of cloud cover of the region. The composite images from non-regular intervals presented a higher percentage of cloud-free pixels. The mean and median methods provided the better visual appearance of the images, corroborating with the homogeneity test. Therefore, composite images from non-regular intervals may be an appropriate alternative in places with constant cloud coverage.

ResumoO objetivo principal deste trabalho foi mapear e dar consistência às estimativas e previsões de produção de arroz no Estado de Santa Catarina e acompanhar a expansão ou retração da cultura, por meio das imagens Lansdat 8. A metodologia consistiu nos seguintes procedimentos: seleção de cenas de imagem Landsat 8 (OLI), processamento digital, segmentação, interpretação visual, trabalho de campo e validação dos dados. Foram obtidos dois mapas de ocupação de arroz irrigado, um para o ano safra 2014/2015 e outro para 2015/2016. A validação do mapeamento com o índice Kappa mostrou um alto nível de concordância dos dados. Este mapeamento detectou uma redução no plantio da cultura em relação ao ano anterior, provando ser eficiente porque acompanhou a retração da cultura. A análise temporal do Landsat 8 (OLI) foi essencial para diferenciar a dinâmica das culturas e para interpretar o cultivo do arroz.Palavras chaves: arroz, estimativa, previsão de safra, segmentação, índice Kappa, IntroduçãoA cultura do arroz é explorada em todos os continentes, pois faz parte da dieta básica da população mundial. Ocupa a terceira posição em produção de área de cultivo, perdendo apenas para o milho e trigo. Na Ásia concentra-se 90% da produção e consumo, sendo responsável por 5% das importações e 62% das exportações mundiais. Os 12 maiores países produtores de arroz estão localizados neste continente. A América do Sul é o segundo maior produtor e o terceiro em termos de consumo de arroz.O Brasil é o maior produtor do continente, responsável por 54% da produção, seguido da Colômbia, com 9,4% (AZAMBUJA et al., 2002).Segundo o IBGE (2016), a Região Sul do país é responsável por 64% da produção nacional de arroz, sendo que o Estado do Rio Grande do Sul é o maior produtor nacional com 55%, e Santa Catarina com 7%.