Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is manufactured worldwide as crystalline and amorphous forms for multiple applications, including tissue engineering, but our study proposes analyzing the impact of crystalline phases of TiO2 on Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs). Several studies have already described the regenerative potential of MSCs and TiO2 has been used for bone regeneration. In this study, polydispersity index and sizes of TiO2 nanocrystals (NCs) were determined. Adipose tissue-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (AT-MSCs) were isolated and characterized in order to evaluate cellular viability and the internalization of nanocrystals (NCs). All of the assays were performed using the TiO2 NCs with 100% anatase (A), 91.6% anatase/9.4% rutile (AR), 64.6% rutile/35.4% anatase (RA), and 84.0% rutile/16% brookite (RB), submitted to several concentrations in 24-h treatments. Cellular localization of TiO2 NCs in the AT-MSCs was resolved by europium-doped NCs. Viability was significantly improved under the predominance of the rutile phase in NCs with localization restricted at the cytoplasm, suggesting that AR and RA NCs are not genotoxic and can be associated with most cellular activities and metabolic pathways, including glycolysis and cell division.
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are multipotent cells derived from layer mesoderm and that have potential for self-renewal and cellular differentiation. These cells can be extracted from various tissues, being the main sources the bone marrow (BM) and adipose tissue (AT). Therefore, human Adipose-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (AdMSCs) are potentially able to differentiate in several cell types such as neurons, adipocytes and osteoblasts. The objective of this work was to quantify levels of the cytokines TGF-β1 and IL-10 in the conditioned medium (CM) of AdMSCs c u l t i v a t e d in 2D and 3D culture after the induction of hypoxia by Cobalt chloride chemistry (CoCl2). When the AdMSCs reached 80% of confluence, the cells were transferred to t h e 24 plates wells, where they were treated with CoCl 2 in 2D and 3D culture. Quantification assay was made using human TGF-β1 and IL-10 kits. The analysis was done through the sandwich ELISA assay. The IL-10 and TGF-β1 production have increased when the AdMSCs were in three-dimensional culture and under hypoxic conditions, indicating that supplies of oxygen associated to the 3D culture influenced significantly the production of these cytokines. This can be a potent and low-cost strategy to improve Adipose-derived Stem Cells conditioned medium when it comes to the release of IL-10 and TGF-β cytokines.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.