Lignicolous fungi plays are a vital part of forest ecosystems in Europe. They are involved in Carbon cycle, through decay processes of woody debris. Very fine woody debris (VFWD) forms an important component of this dead wood, being found in any forest in the World. Among European and Romanian forests, Fagus spp. dominating forests are the most important broadleaved ecosystems, of great biotic and abiotic complexity. The present distribution of lignicolous fungi is mainly linked to trees distribution. In the context of climate change, European beech forests will also shift in distribution, structure and composition, triggering changes in lignicolous fungal communities and diversity as well. Considering this background, VFWD lignicolous diversity might be a future beech forests climate change indicator. This will bring the necessity of assessing the main climatic factors that are influencing the lignicolous fungal diversity distribution across European beech forests in Romanian's NorthEast Region. In the present study, our findings confirms the fact that macroclimate have a great influence on lignicolous mycodiversity in beech forests. It seems that minimum temperature and Gams Continentality Index explains approximately 48% of the mycodiversity variation. While dropping minimum temperatures and increasing Gams CI values, the lignicolous fungal richness will rise. While minimum temperature of January might be linked to a complex ecological and phonological framework, Gams CI is a known ecological indicator for optimum habitat of beech forests, which in turn influence lignicolous diversity distribution. Those climatic variables might characterize the relation between plants-fungi-climate in the near future, as increasing atmospheric temperatures will manifest at different scales. Thereafter, VFWD mycodiversity might function as a valuable macroclimatic changing indicator.
In order to increase the biological activity, some novel molecules, esters, hydrazides, hydrazones of N-(2-bromo-phenyl)-2-hydroxy-benzamide, were obtained in good yields (86-93%), working at 150 �C, 500 W, 7-11 min, under microwave irradiation. All synthesized compounds were characterized using modern physico-chemical methods (FTIR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and elemental analysis). Eight dilutions in dimethyl sulfoxide of these derivatives were tested against two phyto-pathogenic fungi, Fusarium oxysporum, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and one common yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The antifungal activity was assessed using disc diffusion method, both negative, pure DMSO, and positive control, nystatin, were used. S. cerevisiae was slightly more sensitive than filamentous fungi, the strongest inhibition, MIC=0.3125g/L, was observed for N-(2-bromo-phenyl)-2-hydroxy-benzamide and N-(2-bromo-phenyl)-2-(4-dimethylamino-benzylidene-hydrazinocarbonylmethoxy)-benzamide. The most active compounds against F. oxysporum and S. sclerotiorum were N-(2-bromo-phenyl)-2-hydroxy-benzamide (MIC= 0.625g/L), N-(2-bromo-phenyl)-2-hydrazinocarbonylmethoxy-benzamide (MIC=1.25g/L) and N-(2-bromo-phenyl)-2-(4-dimethylamino-benzylidene-hydrazinocarbonyl-methoxy)-benzamide (MIC=0.625g/L), N-(2-bromo-phenyl)-2-hydrazinocarbonyl-methoxy-benzamide (MIC=1.25g/L), respectively.
This study aims to determine the effects of the volatile metabolites synthesized by 53 species of wood-rotting basidiomycetes on the morphology and growth rate of Fusarium solani colonies. The fungi were cultivated in bi-compartmented Petri dishes. For every combination 4 different plates were prepared as well as a control Petri dish containing only Fusarium solani. The species were cultivated on PFMEA (potato flakes malt extract agar) and kept for 5 days at 25°C and further, the test plates were compared with the control, regarding the general aspect of Fusarium solani colony, pigmentation and differences in growth rate. The observations revealed that the volatiles synthesized by 42 species of wood-rotting basidiomycetes evidently influenced the development of the phytopathogenic species. The volatiles of Neofavolus alveolaris inhibited the most the growth of Fusarium solani. The GC-MS analysis of the volatile profile of Neofavolus alveolaris revealed the presence of compounds such as: 3-methyl-3-buten-1-ol, 2-methyl-1-butanol, 2-methyl-1-propanol, 3methyl-1-butanol, 1-octen-3-ol and benzaldehyde.
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