Jaén is one of the most important cities in the northern highlands of Peru due to its strategic location, commerce, and agricultural activities. Jaén has more than 185 thousand inhabitants, of which 48% live in rural areas, representing approximately 31 thousand rural housing. This research aims to determine the types of rural housing in Jaén, showing the possible variations and architectural manifestations due to the territorial and cultural characteristics. A field observation sheet has been used to study the rural dwellings of populated centres previously classified by altitudinal regions. The results show six architectural types of rural housing classified into two groups: “rural-residential housing” and “rural-agricultural housing”. These architectural types are generally located near water sources, within agricultural plots, and on hillsides. The architectural program is characterised by agricultural activity and family composition, which has grown over time. The most commonly used construction systems are “pirca” and “quincha”, using natural materials such as “ichu” and adobe. There is also evidence of cultural traditions rooted in the construction, such as “cambio de fuerzas”, “paracaico”, and “minga”. Therefore, the relevance of Jaén’s rural housing is its geographical reading of the territory through the architectural and cultural legacy of these buildings.
Scientific production is fundamental in architecture schools for developing professionals with research capabilities involved in generating knowledge for society. The objective of this research was to analyze the scientific production of Peruvian architecture schools in the Scopus and Web of Science (WoS) databases until 2020. A bibliometric study was conducted considering the 37 schools of architecture recognized by SUNEDU. As a result, 131 documents were found (79 in Scopus, 30 in WoS, and 22 in both databases). The first publication was in 2005, and in the last two years (2019–2020), more than half (78) of the historical total of documents have been produced. A total of 190 authors were registered; 120 are of Peruvian affiliation, and 70 have an international affiliation. Articles were the most published type of document (56.4% in Scopus and 86.5% in WoS) and were published in more than 49 international journals. About half of the total publications were in English. This research shows that only 18 architecture schools have published at least one paper in Scopus or WoS. It is concluded that scientific production in Peruvian architecture schools is low, recent, and heterogeneous according to the university’s type of administration (public or private) and location. It is necessary to implement strategies to promote scientific production from the undergraduate level and consider the research lines of the architecture schools in Peru.
The tambos are small buildings that function as social platforms in Peruvian rural areas to provide essential services to the entire vulnerable and dispersed rural population. The Peruvian government intends to implement more than a thousand new tambos in the national territory. However, this social infrastructure program faces heterogeneous conditions and demands according to Peru’s geographical and population complexity. This article proposes developing a systematic catalog of modular components as a design strategy for the architectural approach of future tambos. Georeferenced data and climate design guidelines were used to conduct this study. As a result, the systematic catalog synthesizes critical variables such as natural regions and programmatic requirements to generate diverse architectural configurations of the new tambos. Therefore, these future buildings would be optimally articulated in different areas of influence under a systematic vision of the Peruvian rural territory.
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