ABSTRACT. There are about 130 species of aphids registered for Brazil and most of them are exotic, originated from temperate regions. The objective of this research was to survey the aphid species that occur in different altitudes in the rich and diverse ecosystem of the Atlantic Rain Forest. The area surveyed included 11 collecting points ranging from -10 to 1000 m a.s.l. in Serra do Mar, in Paraná State, using yellow pan traps and plant collection, during one year. A total of 87 aphid species were collected in the traps and plants. The richness of species was noticeable high in transitional areas, where different plant communities overlapped. The most abundant aphid species was Aphis spiraecola Patch, 1914, in every collecting place. Population peaks occurred mainly in September when most plants showed new shoots. It was not observed an altitudinal gradient pattern of aphid distribution in the Serra do Mar, but some species were found to be restricted to specific altitudes. It is known that climate, besides other biotic and abiotic factors, affect aphid population fluctuation, but no correlation was established with temperature and rain fall.
Greenidea ficicola Takahashi and Greenidea psidii van der Goot (Aphididae: Greenideinae) are Asian aphid species newly introduced in Brazil associated with Moraceae and Myrtaceae. The feeding behavior of G. ficicola and G. psidii was investigated on their respective host plants, Ficus benjamina (Moraceae) and Psidium guajava (Myrtaceae), using the Electrical Penetration Graph (EPG). Fifteen females of each aphid species were monitored during 24h using a DC-EPG GIGA-4 monitor. The time spent in phloem phase (waveforms E1 and E2) was 13.6% of the total recording time for G. ficicola and 0.8% for G. psidii. The average time in the pathway phase (waveforms C and pd) represented 50% of the total time for both species. Aphids spent more time in non-penetration and stylet pathway activities than in the phloem phase or actual feeding. The principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the two species formed different groups in relation to EPG parameters, despite some overlapping. The probing patterns with multiple penetrations of short duration in the sieve elements for both species may indicate apparent unsuitability for sustained feeding on their respective host plants. These results suggest that these two exotic species are in the process of adaptation to their host plants in their new environment and/or the plants may present either chemical or physical barriers against these insects.
ABSTRACT. The lack of bioecological studies on aphids in regions with complex tloristic and faunistic structure, such as the Atlantic Tropical Rain Forest, lead to the initiation of this research. The objectives were to determine species richness and diversity of aphids and to investigate the influence of altitude and environmental perturbations on aphid populations. The collections were made with yellow pan traps at II sites with altitudes from -1 0 m to 1000111 above sea leveI (a.s.\.), in the Serra do Mar, Paraná, Brazil, [rom December 1993 to December 1994. Richness and diversity of aphids were greatest at 85 m a.s.\. This site was characterized by three distinct floral coml11unities: primary vegetation, secondaly vegetation in successional stages, and secondaly vegetation subject to regular mowing. No pattem in the number or kinds of species could be established along the altitudinal gradien!. These results, indicate that several tàctors interact, but especially floristic composition and climatic conditions, to determine aphidofauna richness and diversity in \his region ofthe Atlantic Tropical Rain Fores!.
ABSTRACT. Faunistic analysis of aphids (Hemiptera, Aphididae) in the Serra do Mar, Paraná, Brazil. A total of 8,134 aphids belonging to 87 species were collected with yellow pan traps during 13 months in Serra do Mar, Paraná State. Eleven places at different altitudes (-10 m to 1000 m above sea level -a.s.l.) were surveyed. The occurrence and dominance of the aphids were related to altitude, local flora, and environmental disruption. The number of specimens was the highest at 78 m and 555 m a.s.l., but most of the species were classified as rare. The common species registered were either polyphagous or had their preferential host plants present in the areas. The species Aphis spiraecola, Toxoptera aurantii, Brevicoryne brassicae, Tetraneura nigriabdominalis, and Uroleucon ambrosiae occurred in all surveyed areas. There was no clear relation between the faunistic data with the environmental conditions and altitude of the areas. Traps placed in transitional areas between the macroenvironments of the Dense Atlantic Montane Ombrophyllous Forest and the Mixed Ombrophyllous Forest collected the highest number of aphid species.KEYWORDS. Aphididae; Atlantic Forest; population ecology; yellow pan traps.RESUMO. Análise faunística de afídeos (Hemiptera, Aphididae) na Serra do Mar, Paraná, Brasil. Foram coletados na Serra do Mar, Paraná, 8134 espécimes de afídeos pertencentes a 87 espécies usando armadilhas amarelas de água durante 13 meses em onze locais com um gradiente altitudinal entre -10 m sobre o nível do mar (s.n.m.) e 1000 m s.n.m. A ocorrência e a dominância dos afídeos foram correlacionadas com características ambientais de cada área, principalmente com a altitude, flora local e alterações antrópicas. O número mais elevado de espécimes foi entre 78 m e 555 m s.n.m., sendo a grande maioria das espécies classificada como raras. As espécies consideradas comuns coletadas em todos os locais foram as de hábito polífago e aquelas cujos hospedeiros preferenciais estavam presentes na área, como: Aphis spiraecola, Toxoptera aurantii, Brevicoryne brassicae, Tetraneura nigriabdominalis e Uroleucon ambrosiae. Não foi observada uma relação clara entre os índices faunísticos obtidos com a flora local e a altitude das áreas. As armadilhas colocadas em áreas de transição entre os macro-ambientes de Floresta Ombrófila Densa Atlântica Montana e de Floresta Ombrófila Mista capturaram o maior número de espécies de afídeos.PALAVRAS-CHAVE. Aphididae; armadilha de Möericke; ecologia de populações; Floresta Atlântica.
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