Small-breed dogs with MPL and concomitant CCLR were older than were dogs with only MPL. Dogs with grade IV MPL were more likely to have CCLR than were dogs with other grades of MPL. Most dogs with concomitant CCLR had a higher MPL grade in the affected stifle joint than in the intact joint. These findings should be beneficial in client education and clinical diagnosis.

Important equity concerns exist regarding federal financial aid policy and its implementation in community college contexts because of procedural impediments and a climate of penalty imposed on students and financial aid staff. Aid policies do a disservice to this already underresourced higher education sector when the implementation, oversight, and policing of federal financial aid create overwhelming inefficiencies that can harm the success of students who need this aid most. Despite recent efforts to streamline the FAFSA (Free Application for Federal Student Aid), accessing and processing federal financial aid remains burdensome for many community college students who can face additional hurdles and fear, which in turn create stress for students and an increased workload for already understaffed institutions. Originally, the Pell grant program, a part of federal financial aid, was designed to assist students from low-income families by providing an equal opportunity to attend college relative to their peers from higher income families. However, as an increasing percentage of the cost of college attendance shifts to the student as state revenues decrease, the Pell grant program is in a perilous position. Increased operating costs and questions about its ability to effectively cover the costs of college place the program in a vulnerable position. Numerous proposals are trying to "fix" the program by improving small-scale efficiencies, but they pay little attention to broader, large-scale efforts to ensure the continued effectiveness of the program in facilitating college access (Baime & Mullin, 2011