Ecologists, land managers, and policy makers continue to search for the most efective ways to manage biological invasions. An emerging lesson is that proactive management can limit negative impacts, reduce risks, and save money. This book explores how to detect and respond to alien plant incursions, summarising the most current literature, providing practical recommendations, and reviewing the conditions and processes necessary to achieve prevention, eradication, and containment. Chapter topics include assessing invasiveness and the impact of alien plants, how to improve surveillance eforts, how to make timely management decisions, and how legislation and strategic planning can support management. Each chapter includes text boxes written by international experts that discuss topical issues such as spatial predictive modelling, costing invasions, biosecurity, biofuels, and dealing with conlict species. joh n r. wi l s on has published close to one hundred papers in peer-reviewed journals on a wide range of ecological and evolutionary topics, with a particular focus on invasion science. Based in South Africa, he is a member of the IUCN Invasive Species Specialist Group, and works across science, management, and policy. f. dane panet ta has over forty years of weeds-related research experience in the areas of ecology, risk assessment, and incursion management. He has published close to one hundred papers in peer-reviewed journals and has edited or co-edited three books on weed risk assessment. He resides in Brisbane, Australia. c ory l i ndg re n is an ecologist and biosecurity policy analyst who earned his PhD from the University of Manitoba. He is a long time director of the Invasive Species Council of Manitoba and on the organizing committee for the Weeds Across Borders conference. He has authored numerous peer-reviewed papers and contributed chapters to books on invasive species.
International and national biosecurity policies consider risk assessment a critical component of overall plant health risk analysis. The Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures, the International Plant Protection Convention, and the Convention on Biological Diversity all provide guidelines and recommendations on how to use risk assessment. This article discusses how these instruments address risk assessment, and makes recommendations on how the risk assessment process needs to incorporate current geospatial predictive science and geographic information systems into the plant health biosecurity risk analysis toolbox.
In 1994 and 1995 insects were collected from several sites in southern Manitoba, where purple loosestrife, Lythrum salicaria L., is dominant. Collection techniques included the use of trap plants, sweep netting, vacuum sampling, and hand collecting. Insects from 38 families were collected and grouped into four general feeding guilds: herbivores, predators, omnivores, and fungivores. Herbivores that directly fed on L. salicaria included Galerucella nymphaeae Linné (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), Myzus lythri (Schrank) (Homoptera: Aphididae), Poecilocapsus lineatus (Fabricius) (Hemiptera: Miridae), Kleidocerys resedae (Panzer) (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae), Ametastegia glabrata (Fallén) (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae), Orgyia leucostigma (Smith) (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae), Lophocampa maculata (Harris) (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae), Spilosoma virginica (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae), Simyra henrici (Grote) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), Dichomeris ligulella (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), Melanchrapicta (Harris) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), Hyles galli (Rottenburg) (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae), and Biston betularia cognataria (Gn) (Lepidoptera: Geometridae). These herbivores cannot severely limit the density of purple loosestrife in southern Manitoba and any interactions with the introduced agents should be minimal. The predatory stink bug, Apoecilus bracteatus Fitch (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), was identified as a potentially important predator of the introduced biological control agents, Galerucella pusilla Duftschmidt and Galerucella calmariensis (L.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae).
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