Historically, Lean thinking has limited applications in the maintenance environment (that is, a non-manufacturing environment). This article reports on the Lean tools that can be implemented in the maintenance environment. To achieve this, a typical supply chain management of a rolling stock service organisation was used for analysis and validation. The approach was initially to map the current supply chain process through a standard method of value stream mapping so as to identify non-Lean activities. After mapping the current state, other suitable Lean tools for the current supply chain management were applied. Finally, performance Indicators were formulated for continuous review and assessment.
Rolling stock is the most maintenance intensive part of the railway system and therefore, the most vulnerable if maintenance is neglected. It is therefore, essential to have an efficient maintenance schedule for rolling stock components. A decision support model can be used to achieve this. However, selecting the appropriate model to achieve this is vital to the success of the decision support model. In this paper a practical way of selecting the appropriate model to develop a decision support for scheduling of rolling stock maintenance, is presented. A case study is used as a numerical example for the proposed framework. OPSOMMINGDie rollende voorraad van 'n spoorwegstelsel vereis gewoonlik intensiewe instandhouding en daarom is dit die meeste kwesbaar indien instandhouding afgeskeep word. Dit is dus noodsaaklik dat 'n doeltreffende instandhoudingskedule vir rollende voorraad onderdele gebruik word. Om dit moontlik te maak, kan 'n besluitsteunmodel gebruik word. Om 'n suksesvolle besluitsteunmodel daar te stel, is dit egter noodsaaklik om die mees geskikte model hiervoor te kies. In hierdie artikel word 'n praktiese metode voorgestel om die mees geskikte model te kies vir die ontwikkeling van 'n skedulering besluitsteunmodel.
The maintenance and management of railway infrastructure plays a central role in ensuring the reliability and availability of rail transport. In a highly competitive transport market, the rail industry is required to employ new and innovative maintenance strategies that will position rail transport as an affordable and reliable transportation alternative. This can be realised through implementing maintenance strategies that prioritise efficient resource allocation. Application of reliability-based techniques to make informed decisions in maintenance management, with an overall aim of reducing operational expenditure while maintaining safety and efficiency, has been increasing. This paper presents a framework for the application of a reliability-based technique to evaluate the reliability of railway infrastructure systems. OPSOMMINGDie onderhoud en bestuur van spoorweginfrastruktuur speel 'n sentrale rol om die betroubaarheid en beskikbaarheid van spoorverkeer te verseker. In 'n hoogs-mededingende vervoer bedryf, word dit van die spoorindustrie verwag om nuwe en innoverende onderhoudstrategieë toe te pas. Dit sal dié industrie in die posisie stel om 'n bekostigbare en betroubare vervoerkeuse te wees. Hierdie posisie kan egter slegs bereik word indien onderhoudstrategieë toegepas word wat voorkeur gee aan die doeltreffende toewysing van hulpbronne. Daar is 'n toename in die toepassing van tegnieke gegrond op betroubaarheid vir die neem van ingeligte besluite in onderhoudbestuur. Die doel van die tegnieke is om bedryfsuitgawes te verminder terwyl veiligheid en doeltreffendheid behoue bly. In hierdie artikel word 'n raamwerk voorgestel vir die toepassing van tegnieke om betroubaarheid van spoorweginfrastruktuur te evalueer. INTRODUCTIONThe management of railway infrastructure assets involves a range of activities such as building, inspection, maintenance, enhancement, and renewal aimed at optimising the performance, risks, and costs of the infrastructure. This is a highly complex decision-making environment that requires various trade-offs. Furthermore, the relationship between the timing and choice of activities for multiple assets needs to be taken into account to achieve the required performance levels. Significant efforts have been made to develop decision support tools based on cost, risk, and reliability to assist with decision-making in highly complex asset management environments. used reliability-based techniques to develop a parametric model to predict correctly the failure rate probability of point-and-point machines in railway signalling subsystems. Additionally, similar reliability analyses using fault tree analysis have been applied to railway infrastructure systems to quantify the reliability performance of railway electrical subsystems [5]- [7].
In recent years the management of physical assets has become increasingly important, especially in asset-intensive organisations. This article presents an approach to quantifying the reliability of rolling stock assets in the rail environment, making use of failure statistics. Failure distributions and the interdependency of different systems are used to determine the impact of component failures on overall system reliability, and to determine the reliability of individual train sets. Recommendations about the future planning of maintenance are included in the article. OPSOMMINGDie bestuur van fisiese bates het in die afgelope tyd al meer belangrik geword, veral in bate intensiewe organisasies. Hierdie artikel stel 'n metode voor wat die betroubaarheid van rollende materiaal bates in die spoor bedryf kwantifiseer deur gebruik te maak van falingstatistiek. Falingverspreidings en interafhanklikheid van stelsels word gebruik om te bepaal wat die invloed is van komponent falings op die betroubaarheid van die totale stelsel. Hierdie benadering word dan gebruik om die betroubaarheid van individuele treinstelle te bepaal. Aanbevelings word ook gemaak hoe om betroubaarheid te gebruik om die beplanning van instandhouding te doen.
In this paper, a life cycle costing (LCC) framework for effective maintenance management is investigated and developed for use in a railway rolling stock environment. The framework consists of combining typical mission-critical components together with their failure and maintenance history. All costs related to the operation and maintenance of these components throughout their life cycle are also determined. The next step involves considering different scenarios under which the components can be used in relation to operations, maintenance, and replacements. The decision about which scenario to take is based on the one with the most favourable net present value after life cycle costing is performed over a specified period of time. A typical railway rolling-stock maintenance organisation in South Africa was used to highlight the practical implications of such a framework and how the company could make informed and appropriate decisions. The conclusion of this study is that such a framework is useful, and that it can be used as a basis for estimating LCC across a spectrum of critical assets found in the rolling stock environment. OPSOMMINGIn hierdie artikel is 'n lewenssikluskoste raamwerk ondersoek en ontwikkel om instandhoudingsbestuur in 'n spoorweg rollende materiaal omgewing te verbeter. Die raamwerk bestaan uit 'n kombinasie van tipiese missie-kritiese komponente saam met hulle falings-en instandhoudingsgeskiedenis. Alle koste verbonde aan die bedryf en instandhouding van hierdie komponente gedurende hulle lewenssiklus is ook bepaal. Deur verskillende bedryfscenario's se lewenssikluskoste te vergelyk in terme van netto huidige waardes, kan 'n besluit oor die beste scenario geneem word. 'n SuidAfrikaanse gevallestudie is gebruik om die waarde van hierdie raamwerk te illustreer. Resultate toon dat die raamwerk wel bruikbaar is oor 'n wye spektrum van scenario's.
Schoonwinkel S, Fourie CJ, Conradie PDF. A risk and cost management analysis for changes during the construction phase of a project.
Railway systems can pose complex problems for the scheduling and operation of trains. A passenger rail service's first priority is to provide a punctual and safe transport service to its customers. But doing so is a major challenge for rail network operators, as disruptions are inevitable, especially in densely-populated networks. Disruptions can be caused not only by infrastructure or rolling stock breakdowns, but also by maintenance activities, new rolling stock, or new train services. Managing these disruptions and predicting the extent of its effects is a crucial part of rail network operation. Mathematical models and simulation can be applied to these problems. This paper will review the literature concerning the modelling of train networks. OPSOMMINGSpoorwegstelsels skep soms komplekse probleme met betrekking tot die skedulering en die bedryf van treine. 'n Passasiers-spoordiens se eerste prioriteit is om stiptelike en veilige vervoer te verskaf aan sy gebruikers. Om 'n stiptelike en betroubare diens te lewer is 'n groot uitdaging vir netwerk operateurs, aangesien trein dienste maklik ontwrig word in digbevolkte netwerke. Ontwrigtinge word nie net deur infrastruktuur en rollende materiaal falings veroorsaak nie, maar ook deur infrastruktuur onderhoud, nuwe rollende materiaal, en nuwe treindienste wat ingestel kan word. Die bestuur van dié ontwrigtinge en die akkurate vooruitskatting van die effek op die res van die netwerk is 'n kritiese komponent van die bedryf van 'n trein netwerk. Wiskundige modelle en simulasie metodes kan toegepas word op dié tipe probleme. Hierdie artikel bespreek die literatuur wat oor die modellering van trein netwerke handel. INTRODUCTIONRailway network companies often need to model and simulate the operation of their trains. This need usually arises with the expansion or maintenance of infrastructure, or the addition of new rolling stock and services. Infrastructure expansion entails adding new links, stations, or additional lines on a specific route. Furthermore, perway, electrical, and signals maintenance all contributes to train operations being disrupted to some extent. And adding train services or new rolling stock requires major operations planning and rescheduling. Forecasting the effect on the operation of the network before the implementation of such changes is a crucial component of planning. Bottlenecks, line capacities, demand satisfaction, and delay propagations are all areas that need to be identified and calculated before large capital amounts are spent. This can be done through the use of mathematical models and simulation. The optimisation of existing operations can also be done using these tools. OBJECTIVEThe objective of this paper is to review the literature on the different modelling techniques that are used to describe the operation of train networks. This will lay the groundwork for developing
Organisations formally define and document their business processes in order to understand them and, subsequently, to enable continuous development, improvement, and management. Organisations can use business process modelling (BPM), which represents the design of graphical models that portray their business processes, to define and document their business processes formally. It is difficult, however, to select a suitable BPM technique in support of a specific application of BPM, owing to the considerable number of existing BPM techniques, the impact of their varying capabilities, and the lack of available formal measures to support evaluations of their suitability for specific modelling applications. This article presents a measurement framework to evaluate the usefulness of BPM techniques in specific modelling applications. It also presents the use of this measurement framework to determine an applicable BPM technique that can be applied in a specific modelling case. OPSOMMINGOrganisasies definieer en dokumenteer hulle besigheidsprosesse op ʼn formele wyse om hulle prosesse te verstaan en gevolglik hulle deurlopende ontwikkeling, verbetering en bestuur te bemagtig. Ten einde die uitvoering van hierdie aktiwiteit aan te spreek, kan organisasies besigheidsprosesmodellering gebruik om grafiese modelle van hulle besigheidsprosesse te ontwerp. Daar word egter kennis geneem dat dit moeilik is om ʼn geskikte besigheidsprosesmodellering tegniek te kies ter ondersteuning van ʼn spesifieke toepassing van besigheidsprosesmodellering. Dit is weens die groot hoeveelheid bestaande besigheidsprosesmodellering tegnieke, die impak van hulle verskillende vermoëns, asook die gebrek aan formele maatstawwe om toe te pas om hulle bruikbaarheid vir sekere modellering aanwendings te bepaal. Die artikel stel verder maatstawwe voor vir evaluering van die bruikbaarheid van besigheidsproses modellering tegnieke vir sekere modellering aanwendings. Dit wys ook die gebruik van hierdie metings raamwerk om ʼn geskikte besigheidsproses modellering tegniek vir ʼn spesifieke modellering toepassing te bepaal.
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