ResumenEl presente estudio correlacional descriptivo se propuso evaluar los factores que determinan la calidad de vida (CV) relacionada con la salud en 78 personas con discapacidad física que vivían en Bogotá, y hacían parte de un proyecto de inclusión laboral dirigido por una ONG. Se evaluó la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (Cuestionario de Salud SF36 y visita domiciliaria), al igual que las condiciones asociadas a la discapacidad y algunos factores psicológicos (Escala de Autoeficacia Generalizada, Prueba de Imagen Corporal, Inventario de Estilos de Afrontamiento, Prueba de optimismo disposicional, Inventario de Depresión de Beck y Escala de Ansiedad de Zung). Se utilizó un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales para encontrar el poder predictivo de las variables en la calidad de vida. El modelo obtenido predecía un 39% de la varianza, incluyendo en orden de peso relativo aportando variables como condiciones de enfermedad, depresión, afrontamiento centrado en la fantasía, trascendencia, pesimismo, ansiedad y autoeficacia. Se discuten los hallazgos y las limitaciones del estudio. Palabras clave: calidad de vida, discapacidad física, factores psicológicos PSYCHOSOCIAL PREDICTORS OF QUALITY OF LIFE IN PEOPLE EXPERIENCING PHYSICAL DISABILITY AbstractThis descriptive correlational study aimed to assess the factors that determine the quality of life related to health in 78 people with physical disabilities who lived in Bogotá and were part of a labor inclusion project run by a NGO. Quality of life related to health was assessed with the SF36 Health Questionnaire and a home visit, as well as the conditions associated with disability and some psychological factors which were measured with the Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale, Body Image Test, Coping Styles Inventory, Dispositional Optimism Test, Beck Depression Inventory and Zung Anxiety Scale. A structural equation model was used in order to determine the predictive power of the quality of life variables. The obtained model predicted 39% of the variance, including the variables' relative weight order, and provided variables as disease condition, depression, coping style focused on fantasy, transcendence, pessimism, anxiety and self-efficacy. Findings and limitations of the study are discussed. Key Words: Quality of life, physical disability, psychological factors. FATORES PSICOSSOCIAIS PRECEPTORES DA QUALIDADE DE VIDA NAS PESSOAS EM COM NECESSIDADES ESPECIAIS'
ResumenEl objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar la prevalencia de depresión, detectar el riesgo suicida e identificar los factores sociodemográficos y personales asociados a este trastorno. La muestra no aleatorizada estuvo conformada por 1525 hombres colombianos con edades entre 18 y 83 años procedentes de 22 departamentos y de distintos niveles educativos. Para evaluar la depresión se usó el Cuestionario de Depresión para Hombres (Álvarez y Londoño, 2012); para evaluar la comorbilidad con ansiedad se usó la Escala de Ansiedad HADS (Zigmond y Snaith, 1983) y el IMAFE (Lara, 1991); y para recolectar información acerca de los factores personales y sociodemográficos se usó una ficha de registro. Se analizaron los datos para calcular la prevalencia de corte, el riesgo suicida, la comorbilidad a través del uso del paquete estadístico SPSS. Se concluye que la prevalencia real reportada y el riesgo suicida en la población estudiada son más altos que los detectados usando un instrumento no sensible al género. Palabras clave: Depresión, hombres, riesgo suicida, prevalencia. PREVALENCE OF DEPRESSION AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS IN MEN AbstractThis epidemiologic study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of depression, the suicide risk and the demographic and personal factors associated with depression severity in men. The non-randomized sample of participants was formed by 1525 Colombian men aged 18 to 83 years old, from 22 departments and different educational levels. The instruments used to evaluate the above factors were the Men's Depression Questionnaire (Alvarez and Londoño, 2012), the Anxiety Scale HADS (Zigmond y Snaith, 1983) and the IMAFE (Lara 1991), and in order to collect data about personal and socio-demographic factors, a registration card was used. Data were analyzed to calculate the prevalence, suicide risk and comorbidity with anxiety through the use of SPSS. It was concluded that the prevalence of depression and suicide risk in the population object of study is higher than the one identified in previous studies when a non-gender sensitive questionnaire was used. Keys words: Depression, men, suicide risk, prevalence. PREVALÊNCIA DE DEPRESSÃO E FATORES ASSOCIADOS EM HOMENSResumo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a prevalência de depressão, detectar o risco suicida e identificar os fatores sociodemográficos e pessoais associados com esse transtorno. A amostra não aleatorizada foi conformada por 1525 homens colombianos com idade entre 18 e 83 anos, procedentes de 22 estados e de diferentes níveis de escolaridade. Para avaliar a depressão, foi utilizado o Teste de Depressão para Homens (Álvarez e Londoño, 2012); para avaliar a comorbilidade com ansiedade, usou-se a Escala Hospitalar de Ansiedade e Depressão (Hads -Zigmond e Snaith, 1983) e o Inventário de Masculinidade e Feminilidade (Imafe -Lara, 1991); para coletar informação sobre os fatores pessoais e sociodemográficos, empregou-se um formulário de registro. Analisaram-se os dados para calcular a prevalência de corte, o risco suicida, a comorbilidade por mei...
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