The spatial distribution of the aerosols over 86 Chinese cities was reconstructed from air pollution index (API) records for summer 2000 to winter 2006. PM₁₀ (particulate matter ≤10 μm) mass concentrations were calculated for days when PM₁₀ was the principal pollutant, these accounted for 91.6% of the total 150 428 recorded days. The 83 cities in mid-eastern China (100° E to 130° E) were separated into three latitudinal zones using natural landscape features as boundaries. Areas with high PM₁₀ level in northern China (127 to 192 μg m⁻³) included Urumchi, Lanzhou-Xining, Weinan-Xi'an, Taiyuan-Datong-Yangquan-Changzhi, Pingdingshan-Kaifeng, Beijing-Tianjin-Shijiazhuang, Jinan, and Shenyang-Anshan-Fushun; in the middle zone, high PM₁₀ (119–147 μg m⁻³) occurred at Chongqing-Chengdu-Luzhou, Changsha-Wuhan, and Nanjing-Hangzhou; in the southern zone, only four cities (Qujing, Guiyang, Guangzhou and Shaoguan) showed PM₁₀ concentration >80 μg m⁻³. The median PM₁₀ concentration decreased from 108 μg m⁻³ for the northern cities to 95 μg m⁻³ and 55 μg m⁻³ for the middle and southern zones, respectively. PM₁₀ concentration and the APIs both exhibited wintertime maxima, summertime minima, and the second highest values in spring. PM₁₀showed evidence for a decreasing trend for the northern cities while in the other zones urban PM₁₀ levels fluctuated, but showed no obvious change over time. The spatial distribution of PM₁₀ was compared with the emissions, and the relationship between the surface PM₁₀ concentration and the aerosol optical depth (AOD) was also discussed

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This work presents a complete summary of recent advances in ternary organic solar cells, highlighting the relationships among the molecular structure, component weight ratio, active layer morphology and photovoltaic performance.