Silty sand is a kind of typical marine sediment that is widely distributed in the offshore areas of East China. It has been found that under continuous actions of wave pressure, a mass of fine particles will gradually rise up to the surface of silty sand seabeds, i.e., the phenomenon called wave-induced soil erosion. This is thought to be due to the seepage flow caused by the pore-pressure accumulation within the seabed. In this paper, a kind of three-phase soil model (soil skeleton, pore fluid, and fluidized soil particles) is established to simulate the process of wave-induced soil erosion. In the simulations, the analytical solution for wave-induced pore-pressure accumulation was used, and Darcy flow law, mass conservation, and generation equations were coupled. Then, the time characteristics of wave-induced soil erosion in the seabed were studied, especially for the effects of wave height, wave period, and critical concentration of fluidized particles. It can be concluded that the most significant soil erosion under wave actions appears at the shallow seabed. With the increases of wave height and critical concentration of fluidized particles, the soil erosion rate and erosion degree increase obviously, and there exists a particular wave period that will lead to the most severe and the fastest rate of soil erosion in the seabed.
Background: Despite the decline in the incidence of gastric cancer, the incidence of early gastric cancer has increased. Hence, understanding the clinicopathological and prognostic features of early gastric cancers could help us understand the development of gastric cancer and improve the prognosis of early gastric cancer. Methods: A total of 244 patients diagnosed with early gastric cancer after surgery at Xiangya Hospital Central South University were retrospectively analyzed. Results: General data showed that in patients with a mean age of 54.30±10.68 years (M:F = 1.6:1), the median tumor size was 2.203±1.245 cm. A total of 15.6% of patients had lymph node metastasis. By univariate analysis, the longest diameter of the tumor, T stage, total number of dissected lymph nodes, number of metastatic lymph nodes, metastatic-to-total dissected lymph node (LN) ratio, vascular invasion, NLRc, and MLRc were associated with disease-free survival; tumor size, invasive depths, vascular invasion, NLRc, MLRc, NWRc and LWRc were associated with lymph node metastasis. Additionally, the longest diameter of tumor and total number of dissected lymph nodes were independent factors for early gastric cancer patients; tumor size, invasive depths, vascular invasion and NLRc were independent risk factors for lymph node metastasis in EGC. Conclusion: The longest diameter of the tumor and total number of dissected LNs were independent prognostic factors for EGC patients. Additionally, the longest diameter of the tumor, tumor invasive depths, vascular invasion and NLRc were the independent risk factors for lymph node metastasis in EGC patients.
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