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Visually identifying the molecular changes in single cells is of great importance for unraveling fundamental cellular functions as well as disease mechanisms. Herein, we demonstrated a mass spectro-microtomography with an optimal voxel resolution of ∼300 × 300 × 25 nm3, which enables three-dimensional tomography of chemical substances in single cells. This mass imaging method allows for the distinguishment of abundant endogenous and exogenous molecules in subcellular structures. Combined with statistical analysis, we demonstrated this method for spatial metabolomics analysis of drug distribution and subsequent molecular damages caused by intracellular drug action. More interestingly, thanks to the nanoprecision ablation depth (∼12 nm), we realized metabolomics profiling of cell membrane without the interference of cytoplasm and improved the distinction of cancer cells from normal cells. Our current method holds great potential to be a powerful tool for spatially resolved single-cell metabolomics analysis of chemical components during complex biological processes.

Considerable effort has been devoted to elucidating the phylogenetic relationships of tetrigides. However, there is still no commonly accepted phylogenetic hypothesis. Therefore, the phylogenetic relationships among some subfamilies remain unclear; e.g., Cladonotinae is a controversial group, in which the phylogenetic relationships between genera and the boundaries of some of the included genera are unclear, causing some of the taxa to be difficult to identify. Therefore, an in-depth phylogenetic analysis of Cladonotinae is urgently needed. In this study, a robust phylogenetic framework for the tetrigides was reconstructed based on the combined mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI), 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA), and nuclear 18S ribosomal RNA (18S rRNA) gene sequences of 25 species belonging to 16 genera of Tetrigoidea from China, which included 13 species from 8 genera of Cladonotinae. Phylogenetic inferences were performed using the combined dataset and Bayesian inference (BI) and Maximum Parsimony (MP) methods, and the phylogenetic tree of Cladonotinae was reconstructed. All inferences based on the results of the present study supported the Cladonotinae subfamily as a polyphyletic group; within the Cladonotinae subfamily, Tetradinodula, and Tuberfemurus were closely related to Tetriginae, while Austrohancockia and Gibbotettix showed a close relationship to the Scelimenidae subfamily. Additionally, a new genus and new species of the Cladonotinae subfamily are described and illustrated: Hainantettix Deng, gen. nov. and Hainantettix strictivertex Deng, sp. nov. 

Background Histoplasmosis is a deep fungal infection caused by Histoplasma capsulatum and can be classified as pulmonary, disseminated or central. Disseminated histoplasmosis is the most dangerous of all clinical types and is characterized by rapid onset, rapid progression, high mortality, and difficulty in diagnosis and treatment. Case Presentation This report describes a 31-year-old female who presented with fever, with a maximum temperature of 39.8 °C. There were no concomitant symptoms, such as cough, sputum, abdominal pain and diarrhoea, before the onset of fever, and the illness lasted for more than 20 days. On examination, the liver and spleen were enlarged, and laboratory tests showed a significant decrease in CD4 cell count, suggesting immune deficiency. Broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment was ineffective, and specific infectious diseases and haematological neoplasms were considered likely. She was finally diagnosed with disseminated histoplasmosis after undergoing bone marrow aspiration and metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) and was treated with amphotericin B, fluorouracil and itraconazole, with good results. Conclusion This case demonstrates that disseminated histoplasmosis infection can present with unexplained fever and that mNGS can be an important complement to bone marrow aspiration for the diagnosis of this disease.

The tetrigid genus Criotettix Bolívar, 1887 from China is taxonomically reviewed. The genus now includes 39 species from China, in which two new species are described and illustrated, namely: Criotettix longispinus Deng, sp. nov. and Criotettix undatifemurus Deng, sp. nov..Their distribution and an annotated identification key to Chinese species are provided.