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The addition of ketorolac to lidocaine for ankle block contributed to longer duration and better quality analgesia after foot surgery compared with plain 1.73% lidocaine or 1.73% lidocaine plus intravenous ketorolac. The ethanol vehicle is unlikely responsible for the analgesic effects of ketorolac. Ketorolac retains its chemical stability when placed in local solutions of lidocaine or bupivacaine.

This study presents information on disruptive behaviors in an outpatient pediatric population. The Eyberg Child Behavior Inventory (ECBI), a parent rating scale of disruptive behaviors, was completed on 1,526 children at 5 pediatric clinics in 4 Northwestern states (Idaho, Montana, Oregon, and Washington). The results indicated that 10.40% of the children not in treatment for learning or behavioral problems scored in the clinical range on the ECBI. Children in the 2-5 years age range with a family income of less than $10,000 and a parent who had not graduated from high school most often fell within the clinical range (25%). Results also provided additional support for the ECBI as a homogeneous measure of disruptive behaviors.Disruptive behaviors (e.g., hyperactivity, impulsivity, inattention to tasks, aggression toward others, noncompliance, temper tantrums, whining, smart talk, stealing, lying, fire setting, and gang activities) in childhood and adolescence are common, persistent, difficult to treat, and costly to society (Barkley, 1989;

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