This study gives further evidence of associations between psychiatric symptoms and specific problem behaviours in people with ID. It may be particularly useful to consider the diagnosis of affective disorders if a person with ID shows self-injurious or aggressive behaviours.

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An evidence base is urgently needed for these community-based services. Research should utilize the opinions of service users and their carers as well as professionals and focus on those people with intellectual disabilities and more severe mental health problems. It may be more fruitful to examine the components of community-based services rather than use the terminology of specific models such as assertive community treatment. The service components considered to be essential need first to be identified using a systematic methodology and then evaluated using a broad range of outcomes.

These findings can be used to develop further the evidence base for services in the community for this user group and to assist in the preparation of much needed service evaluation studies.