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Thirteen hundred and fifty dogs were examined under anesthesia at veterinary hospitals in the USA and Canada. Periodontal health was recorded in detail. Teeth were frequently absent (particularly lower third molar, upper and lower first premolars, and incisor teeth). Calculus was most extensive on the upper fourth premolar and molar teeth. Missing teeth, mobility of remaining teeth, extent of calculus and gingival inflammation, and furcation exposure and attachment loss all were more common in small dogs compared with larger dogs, and in older dogs compared with younger dogs.

Forty-five mixed breed dogs were evaluated for the presence and extent of periodontal disease. Histopathology was performed on samples of lung, myocardium, liver, kidney, tonsil, spleen, submandibular lymph node and tracheobronchial lymph node. Mitral valves were evaluated grossly. Statistical analysis was used to determine if there was a relationship between the extent of periodontal disease and histopathologic changes in the tissues examined. In the forty-five dogs studied, an association was found between periodontal disease and histopathologic changes in kidney, myocardium (papillary muscle), and liver.

The case records and owners of seventy–two dogs with perineal hernia seen at the University of Pennsylvania Veterinary Hospital were surveyed. The condition was seen in older male dogs, most of which presented with perineal swelling and straining to defaecate. Most dogs were treated by perineal herniorrhaphy. The incidence of recurrence in those dogs treated surgically was 46%. Recurrence was more common when the surgery had been performed by inexperienced surgeons, in those dogs which had been treated surgically elsewhere, and in those dogs in which the time period from surgery to survey was more than 1 year. Other complications occurring were wound infection, faecalincontinence, urinary problems and lameness. Most owners of dogs which were alive at the time of the survey were satisfied with the results of treatment. Castration had no effect on the incidence of recurrence or development of a hernia on the opposite side to that repaired initially. Résumé. On a étudié les dossiers de soixante‐douze chiens avec des nernies perinéales, vus à l'Hǒpital vétérinaire de l'Université de Pennsylvanie. On a observé la condition chez des chiens mǎles plus ǎgés dont la plupart souffraient d'enflure périnéale et devaient faire tous leurs efforts pour aller à la selle. La plupart des chiens ont été traités par suture de hernie périnéale. Le taux de récidive chez ces chiens traités par chirurgie, a été de 46%. Les récidives ont été plus communes quand la chirurgie a été pratiquée par des chirurgiens peu expérimentés, chez ces chiens traités par chirurgie ailleurs, et chez ceux pour lesauels le laps de temps d'une opération à une autre était de plus d'un an. Une infection de la plaie, une incontinence de fèces, des problèmes urinaires et un état de claudication se comptent parmi les complications survenues. La plupart des propriétaires dont les chiens étaient vivants au moment de cette étude ont été satisfaits des résultats. La castration n'a pas eu d'effet sur la récidive ou le développement d'une hernie du cǒté opposé de celle qui avait été réparée auparavant. Zusammenfassung. Eine Aufzeichnung von Fàllen mit perinealer Hernie in 72 Hunden, die man im Tierǎrztlichen Krankenhaus der Universitǎt von Pennsylvanien sah, wurde iiberblickt. Man fand den Zustand in àlteren mànnlichen Hunden, von denen die meisten périnéale Sch‐wellung und Anstrengung beim Dafàzieren zeigten. Die neisten Hunde wurden durch périnéale Bruchnaht behandelt. Der Vorfall von erneutem Auftreten dieser Beschwerden in jenen Hunden die chirurgisch behandelt wurden, war 46%. Emeutes Auftreten war hàufiger, wenn die Opération von unerfahrenen Ghirurgen ausgefùhrt wurde, in den Hunden die anderswo chirurgisch behandelt waren und in Jenen Hunden, deren Zeitspanne von einer Opération zur anderen mehr als ein Jahr betrug. Andere Komplikationen die vorkamen ware Wundinfektion, Nichthalten‐kǒnnen des Kotes, urinàre Problème und Lahmheit. Die meisten Besitzer der Hunde die zur Zeit d...

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The effect of endogenous interleukin-12 (IL-12) on the influenza virus immune response in BALB/c mice was evaluated. Following primary influenza virus infection, IL-12 mRNA and protein are detected in the lung, with live virus being required for cytokine induction. Endogenous IL-12 contributes to early NK cell-dependent gamma interferon (IFN-γ) production (days 3 and 5) but not late T-cell-dependent IFN-γ secretion (day 7). IL-12 contributes to the inhibition of early virus replication but is not required for virus clearance. IL-12 also modestly contributes to the activation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Thus, in this model of experimental influenza virus infection, endogenous IL-12 contributes primarily to the early development and activation of the innate immune response.

Thirty dogs with end-stage otitis were treated by either unilateral or bilateral total ear canal ablation and lateral bulla osteotomy. Otitis was considered end stage when the horizontal ear canal was collapsed, stenotic, or occluded in conjunction with chronic infection of the external and middle ear. The dogs were evaluated clinically and radiographically for 4 to 63 months. The frequency of scratching, head shaking, aural drainage, and para-aural fistulation was significantly decreased. Abnormal ear carriage and head tilt were not changed. The results in 23 dogs were graded as excellent or improved. One dog died of intraoperative hemorrhage. Complications during the period from suture removal to follow-up included para-aural fistulation (3 dogs), facial nerve paralysis (5 dogs), and head tilt (3 dogs).