Anaerobic digestion process is gaining attention in the agriculture industry because of its potential for renewable energy production and manure stabilization. These potential benefits are significant against the current backdrop of rising energy costs and growing environmental concerns. Anaerobic digestion is a naturally occurring process through which organic matter such as manure, feed spills, meat processing wastes and crop residues are stabilized by microorganisms strictly in the absence of air. In developing countries, the inadequate management of waste particularly in urban areas where the consumption pattern have changed and the generation rate increased substantially from one location to another and from time to time. This study explored the production of biogas from kitchen wastes mixed with intestinal cow dung in a semi continuous anaerobic digester. Materials used as feed were Paw Paw, tomato, banana peels and intestinal cow dung. Various parameters were determined using standard methods; water displacement method was used to determine the volume of gas produced. The combustibility of the gas generated was tested using Bunsen burner. Microbiological methods were employed for the microbiological analysis. The temperature and pH recorded in the digester range from 27-33oC and 0-6.81c respectively. It was observed that the waste slurry produced biogas without nutrient or chemical addition to the digester. The highest volume of gas (2.8ml) was produced on the 14th day where the temperature (29oC) and pH (6.79) were relatively high. The result of the statistical analysis showed there is significant difference (P<0.05) in the slurry temperature and pH as compared to the volume of gas produced. The Bacteria isolates identified from the digester include Proteus Spp, Bacillus Spp, Escherichia Coli, Klebsiella Spp and Staphyllococcus Spp. Based on this, the search for alternative source of Energy such as Biogas should be intensified so as to curb the incidence of ecological disasters like Environmental pollution, deforestation, desertification and erosion.
Open dumpsite is the most common way to eliminate solid urban wastes in this part of the world. An important problem associated to landfills and open dumpsite is the production of leachates. The leachates from these dumpsites have many toxic substances, which may adversely affect the environmental health. Thus in order to have a better management of characteristics of Ihiagwa-Nekede waste dump leachates, representative leachate samples were collected and analyzed for Physico-chemical properties and levels of heavy metals in them. Results indicate pH7.38, temperature 28.30 ℃ - 28.40℃, total dissolved solid 124.01mg/l-125.45mg/l, magnesium hardness 4.40mg/l-7.32mg/l, sulphate 3.60mg/l-3.70mg/l, and nitrate 27.00mg/l-27.60mg/l. Other parameters indicated as follows Conductivity1910𝜇𝑠/𝑐𝑚-1930.00 𝜇𝑠/𝑐𝑚, total chloride 891.72mg/l-891.74mg/l, carbonate 1708.00mg/l-1904.00mg/l, Ammonia 9.39mg/l-9.40mg/l, calcium hardness 373.17mg/l-375.61mg/l, total solid 2423.00mg/l-2454.00mg/l, phosphate 13.52mg/l-13.54mg/l. The heavy metal: cyanide 2.25mg/l-2.33mg/l, zinc 18.08mg/l-18.38mg/l, copper 19.90mg/l20.48mg/l, iron10.67mg/l-10.82mg/l, lead 1.27mg/l-1.41mg/l, and manganese 3.00mg/l-3.61mg/l, all these exceeded the WHO standards. The obtained results showed that the landfill leachates are characterized by high concentrations of heavy metals and other disease causing elements and therefore require urgent treatment to forestall the contamination of groundwater system and the nearby Otamiri River.
The study examined the heavy metal components, physical and chemical parameters of soil samples around selected industrial establishments. This was to ascertain the level that industrial activities impacts on the soil quality with a view to providing a platform for rapid generation of data for environment related decision making and promoting compliance to environmental standards in Ibadan metropolis. Twelve composite soil samples to the depths of 0-15 cm, 15-30 cm, 30-45 cm to represent top and subsoil were collected at each of the selected industrial locations using soil auger for soil physical and chemical properties determination. Data collected were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The mean Pb values for 0-15, 15–30, 30-45 cm soil depths were 5.66± 0.55, 4.58±0.68, 4.52±1.35mg/kg; Cd values were 10.23± 0.60, 9.40 ± 1.33 and 10.55± 0.36mg/kg; Co values were 9.76± 1.00, 9.98 ± 2.57 and 13.58 ± 4.16mg/kg; Cr were 10.18 ± 2.40, 12.53 ±3.17 and 12.1 ± 3.75 and Ni were 11.17 ± 3.55, 12.24 ± 2.19 and 12.53 ± 2.34 mg/kg. For Macro nutrients, Total Organic Carbon (TOC) mean values for BC was 33.50 ± 2.48, 29.3 ± 3.91, 26.6 ± 2.74 and 3.60 ± 0.16 and TN values were 3.60 ± 0.16, 3.40 ± 0.12, and 2.90 ± 0.28 respectively while AC had Total Organic Carbon mean values of 28.03 ± 0.65, 23.5 ± 2.01, 19.24 ± 1.43 and Total Nitrogen (TN) mean values 2.90 ± 0.07, 2.43 ± 0.21 and 1.99 ± 0.15 respectively. For Micro nutrient Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, the mean values at 0-15, 15-30 and 30-45 soil depth for BC were 39.08 ± 9.57, 32.43 ± 11.93 and 18.78 ± 4.80 for Mn, mean values for Fe were 39.53 ± 15.58, 51.83 ± 14.62 and 34.33 ± 10.68, also mean values for Cu was 8.53 ± 0.32, 8.26± 0.29, 7.99 ± 0.06 and mean values for Zn were 9.01 ± 0.66, 6.62 ±0.21 and 4.42 ± 1.11 respectively. There was a decrease in value with depth which may be associated with downward movement of organic materials and nutrients. The study concluded that industrial activities are impacting on the soil quality with special reference to nutrient and heavy metal contents within and around industrial facilities.
As an integral component of human, the environment is affected by every development effort in a particular way. From the very beginning of civilization, human beings gradually started manipulating the nature for their own benefit which has led to the degradation of the environment. As the novel corona virus disease pandemic (COVID-19) hit the world, human life has come to a halt as many Nations shut themselves off from work and other eminent life activities in order to curtail the spread of the virus, this indeed has grim implications for the world. Millions of deaths have occurred, social, economic and religious activities have been affected negatively. On the contrary, since numerous people’s activities and industrial operations have been shut off for several months in many parts of the globe, it is anticipated that there would be a rejuvenating process in the Biosphere, the Atmosphere and the hydrosphere. This study
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