The Aldox and Adh structural loci of Musca domestica L. belong to autosome II. They code for the enzymes aldehyde oxidase and alcohol dehydrogenase. Both these enzymes have allelic variants with specific electrophoretic mobility, which, on cellogel, are seen as single bands. The Aldox and Adh loci encompass a large map interval, which includes the morphological markers at, cm, and car. The recombination frequencies between these five loci indicate the alignment Aldox -ar -cm -car -Adh.
A description is given of the waxworks made by the Italian physician Angelo Maestri (1806–1889), preparator, taxidermist and model-maker at the Museum of Natural History of Pavia University where the majority of his wax models are held today. Maestri's main works deal with the anatomy, physiology and pathology of the silkworm, the morphology of mushrooms and the poison fangs of snakes. He also made models of the life cycle of the nematode Trichinella spiralis and of the blood circulation in some vertebrates. Several preparations in wax by Maestri are held in other scientific institutions in Italy.
Cellogel electrophoresis has been used to study isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), malic enzyme (ME), and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), in the housefly. Two forms of MDH (MDH, and MDH 2 ) have been separated. These show properties similar to those ascribed to supernatant and mitochondrial MDH enzymes in other organisms. In the housefly zymograms of the mitochondrial fraction show MDH 2 activity only. Allelic variants of MDH 1 differing in thermostability and resistance to p-hydroxymercuribenzoate have been revealed by qualitative analysis. MDH 2 is invariant. These findings indicate that the two forms are isozymes under independent genetic control.Other enzymes examined here exhibit only one isozyme, which shows genetic polymorphism in some strains.Using the variants and visible markers, the linkage groups of the structural loci of the enzymes have been identified: for some of them the genetic map position has been determined.
The paper discusses the relative frequency of topics of study in Italy, through the bibliography compiled by Emilio Corti, an assistant professor at the Zoology Institute of the University of Pavia, covering the period 1850–1933, compared with those obtained from the world literature from the database of Web of Knowledge by the Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) of Thomson Reuters, for the period 1945–2005. Corti's bibliography, which has never been published, is kept in the Archives of the Pavia University Museum and comprises around 5500 papers covering various aspects of hydrobiology, fish and fish farming. Altogether what emerged was a methodical, complex study, providing a wealth of information even though made up solely of bibliographic references. Today it represents a significant source of consultation for anyone interested in the history of science and zoogeography. The comparison of Corti's topics with those of the 1945–2005 period confirmed (1) an overall increase in most research topics, (2) that some research topics, especially related to human activities, increased more than the others, (3) that the studies on malaria showed a peculiar trend, and that (4) organisms-based research did not diminish its importance through time.
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