Supply chain management played a central role during the COVID-19 crisis, as the outbreak of the pandemic disrupted the majority of all global supply chains. This paper tests whether companies that use green supply chain management (GSCM) practices benefited from a buffer effect in the context of COVID-19. Our empirical analysis, conducted on a sample of U.S. companies, shows that GSCM companies experienced less negative abnormal stock returns during the crisis. This result contributes to the literature on financial impact of GSCM, finding that GSCM is perceived as an effective risk management tool and can serve as an effective drug against COVID-19 crisis. Our paper also contributes to the business debate on the role of green supply chains in the post-COVID19 world.

Purpose Integrated reporting (IR) provides integrated financial and nonfinancial information about companies based on the integrated thinking principle. This study aims to investigate how the cost of equity relates to IR disclosure and the impact of an effective legal system on this relationship. Effective legal system (“enforcement”) represents the strength of the legal system of a country. Although voluntary initiatives are essentially not based on regulations, the authors expect that the effective legal system will influence the implementation of such. Design/methodology/approach To test the study’s hypotheses, linear regressions were applied using the Thomson Reuters database to analyze 20,463 firm-year observations between 2010 and 2017. The treatment group comprised companies that adopted IR; using propensity score matching, the authors defined the control group. The authors adopted a research design based on difference-in-differences to compare the cost of the capital of treatment with the control group for the periods before and after the IR adoption. Findings The results indicate that IR disclosure is negatively related to the cost of equity, and this negative effect is more prevalent for companies operating in high-enforcement environments. Research limitations/implications Cost of equity is not a directly observable variable, implying that the results are sensitive to changes in the parameters that are used to compute this term. The results can help companies looking for evidence of potential effective gains of adopting IR. They also help understand that discussions related to environment, social, and governance information are somehow incorporated by analysts and investors, and reflected in the cost of raising funds. Originality/value This study demonstrates how IR relates to the cost of equity considering a global sample of voluntary adopters. It also analyzes the impact of institutional factors on this relationship by using a robust method of analysis. The results support the argument that companies in a strong legal system are more likely to behave sustainably and to disclose this attitude. Additionally, they are pressured to implement proposals rather than just adopting an initiative as a label.

Purpose: We examine whether managers allocate longer-term effort when they receive quarterly than either up to a month or longer than quarterly feedback. We also examine whether reward timing moderates the relationship between feedback frequency and intertemporal choices. Design/methodology/approach: We collect survey data from 78 middle-level managers working at a Brazilian company. Findings: The results indicate that managers place more weight on longer-term tasks when they receive quarterly feedback. Our results also indicate that reward timing moderates the relationship between feedback frequency and intertemporal choices. Originality/value: The contribution of this study is twofold. First, we provide empirical evidence showing the effect of feedback frequency in a setting in which feedback is not mandatory, is provided for internal purposes, and there is no capital market pressure. Second, we disentangle these two components and offer empirical evidence on the relation between feedback frequency and intertemporal choices and on the moderate role of reward timing in this relationship.

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Agradeço a Deus pela vida, pelas inúmeras oportunidades que me proporcionou e pelas pessoas maravilhosas que colocou em meu caminho. À minha mãe, Maria, que sempre encorajou a busca por conhecimento e qualificação e que durante todo o período me apoiou e auxiliou. Também às minhas irmãs, Ane e Elise, que compartilharam as dificuldades e vitórias, sempre oferecendo-me suporte e ajuda. Um agradecimento especial é devido ao Nélio e à Franciane, que no início dessa jornada, me receberam e me ofereceram segurança, conforto, apoio e carinho. Compartilhamos muitas experiências, tropeços e sucessos. Aprendi com vocês uma grande lição de generosidade, confiança e solidariedade. Muito obrigado! Aos amigos, que compreendem a ausência e a dedicação necessária a esse projeto. Especificamente agradeço a Giovani, Jhoni e Acácio pelas diversas viagens a Videira e pelo companheirismo. À Pâmela, Cristiane, Elaine, Elaine e Scheila, pelas distrações e divertimentos nesse dois anos. Aos amigos da pós graduação, que se tornaram família nesse processo, pelo entendimento mútuo, força e auxílio. Um carinhoso obrigado para Erika, Daniel, Mamadou, Sayuri, Janilson, Robson, Kléber, Júlio, Marilu, Simone, Josué, Osvaldo e Luciana. Aos amigos de São Paulo, que em várias situações me deram apoio César, Rafael, Célio. À Angélica, Bianca, Marília, Renata e Verônica, pessoas incríveis com quem compartilhei o teto e o cotidiano. Um importante agradecimento a Fernanda e Estela que foram minhas parceiras de estudos. Ao professor Andson Braga de Aguiar, meu orientador, pela paciência, incentivo, apoio, oportunidades e inúmeras contribuições. A todos os professores e funcionários da FEA pelos ensinamentos, suporte e auxílio nos mais diversos momentos dessa jornada. Muito obrigado! Aos membros da banca, pelas críticas e sugestões que muito contribuíram ao trabalho. Aos representantes das empresas que responderam ao questionário, tornando esse trabalho possível. 3.1.2 Elaboração do questionário e pré teste .