We discuss a potential beneficial effect of a positive feedback loop between BDNF and NF-kB activated pathways in antidepressant action. This could be transduced into the identification of downstream NF-kB gene targets able to potentiate antidepressant mechanisms, thus guiding the development of novel and faster acting antidepressant drugs.

Introduction: Volume and intensity are major variables governing exercise training-mediated beneficial effects in both athletes and patients. Although polarized endurance training optimizes and maximizes physiological gains in highly trained individuals, its cardiometabolic protective-effects have not been established. The purpose of the present single site, randomized-controlled trial was to compare the effects of 12-weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT), moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT), and polarized volume training (POL) programs on cardiometabolic risk factors in young overweight and obese women.Materials and Methods: A total of 64 overweight/obese young women (age 23.3 ± 3.8 years, body mass index 33.8 ± 3.8 kg/m2) were randomly assigned to four groups: control group (CTRL), polarized volume training group, moderate-intensity endurance training group, and HIIT group. The cardiorespiratory capacity, glycemic and lipid profiles, whole-body substrate utilization, and body composition were assessed before and after the intervention.Results: After the intervention, VO2peak and power output at VO2peak increased in all exercised-groups (time effect: p < 0.0001). Power output at VT1 was increased only in the POL group compared to the CTRL group (p = 0.019). Relative fold changes in fasting plasma glucose concentrations decreased only in POL group (p = 0.002). Training induced a significant increase in relative fat oxidation in all the groups (time effect: p < 0.001). Relative fat oxidation increased only in the POL group compared to the CTRL group (training effect: p = 0.032).Conclusion: Twelve-weeks of polarized volume training showed overall superior effects on cardiorespiratory fitness, basal glycemic control, and substrate oxidation in comparison to MICT and HIIT training modalities. These data suggest that polarized volume training is an effective non-pharmacological treatment strategy for reducing cardiovascular disease risk factors in young overweight and obese women. The trial is registered at ISRCTN, number ISRCTN34421723.

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ABSTRACT:A conformational search by MM/QM methods was realized for the din-propyl and di-i-propylphosphonates. The normal mode frequencies and corresponding vibrational assignments were examined theoretically using the hybrid functional B3LYP and the 6-31G* basis set, and were compared with the experimental spectra. It was possible to arrive at an accurate spectral assignment without the utilization of scaling factors including the region between 1,200 and 850 cm Ϫ1 , which is the most complicated spectral region for the assignment.

Theoretical and experimental band assignments for the Fourier transform infrared spectrum of the [Ni(GAA) 2 ] · 2 H 2 O (bis(guanidoacetate)nickel(II) complex) trans isomer has been made based on the DFT: B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) procedure, second derivative spectrum, and band deconvolution analysis. Bond orbital analysis was used to determine the effect of electronic delocalization involving Ni−O and Ni−N bonds and their neighbour groups. Also, natural bond orbital analysis was extended to Ni−O and Ni−N interactions, indicating in both cases that the sp 2.01 d 1.01 Ni(II) hybridization is adequate for the planar structure around the Ni(II) cation. The calculated infrared spectrum, based on the proposed geometrical structure of the trans bis(guanidoacetate)nickel(II) complex without crystallization water, shows an excellent agreement with the experimental spectrum, and matches better than the calculated spectra for the [Ni(GAA)2] cis isomer. The calculated energy for the [Ni(GAA)2] trans isomer complex is 21.75 kcal/mol more stable than that of the cis isomer.