Additional information:Use policyThe full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-pro t purposes provided that:• a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. programme. These environments provided the opportunity for studying various spaces such as QOF meetings, consultation rooms, QOF recoding sessions, and the collection of computer-screen images depicting how patients' biomarkers are evaluated and costed through software systems. QOF as a biomedical technology has led to the commodification of patients and their bodies. This complex phenomenon breaks down into three main themes: commodification of patients, QOF as currency, and valuing commodities. Despite the ostensible aim of QOF being to improve healthcare in general practice, it is accompanied by a body commodification process. The interface between patients and care providers has been commodified, with QOF's pricing mechanism and fragmentation of care provision performing an important role in animating the UK economy.
. (2010) 'Male and female genital cutting among Southern Thailand's Muslims : rituals, biomedical practices, and local discourses.', Culture, health sexuality., 12 (7). pp. 725-738. Further information on publisher's website: The publisher of this article has made the full-text of the published version available for download at http://www.tandfonline.com/eprint/ASiin3NHEIqHWPUHas92/full -a limit of 50 downloads has been set, on a rst-come, rst served basis. Use policyThe full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that:• a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. . Male and female genital cutting among Southern Thailand's Muslims: rituals, biomedical practices, and local discourses. Culture, Health and Sexuality 12(7): 725-738.2 Abstract This paper explores how the local Muslims in a province in southern Thailand perceive the practice of male and female genital cutting. In order to understand the importance placed on these practices, a comparison is drawn between the two and also between the male circumcision and the Buddhist ordination of monks as rites of passage. Discourses on the exposure or concealment of male and female bodies respectively, witness to the relevance of both the local political-historical context and biomedical hegemony to gendered bodies. The comparisons evince the need to reflect upon the theoretical and ethical implications of studying genital cutting and focussing exclusively on one of the two practices rather than, as this paper claims to be necessary, considering them as inextricably connected.
The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that:• a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.Please consult the full DRO policy for further details.
Gunung Merapi (Mountain of Fire) is the guardian of a cosmogonicsacred landscape, and one of the most dangerous volcanoes in the world. Its eruptions are well studied, however, the relationships among ritual, science, protection and grassroots disaster management arising after the 2006 and 2010 eruptions are mostly overlooked. This paper fills this gap in the literature, through qualitative research that explores local perceptions and places respiratory protection in a larger ecology of protective practices during, and after, volcanic crises. In a previous study, 99% of respondents in Yogyakarta used masks to protect from inhaling volcanic ash. In order to understand the respiratory protective practices developed, in the last decade, to cope with Merapi's eruptions, we need to engage with the emergence of the local volunteer-led grassroots monitoring systems. Although these networks were formalised by agencies, they were originally setup in a bottom-up fashion to respond to pyroclastic flows and other life-threatening volcanic hazards. Our research found that they play a key role in the distribution of masks and respiratory health narratives, thus influencing the wide adoption of certain types of respiratory protection. Disaster management agencies, village heads, ritual experts and volunteers participating in these monitoring networks share spiritual signals (dreams) and scientific ones (seismic data, health narratives) and masks as part of their response to volcanic crises. Our findings about these Merapi networks challenge dominant assumptions in the Disaster Risk Reduction literature that tend to equate building resilience with the substitution of problematic 'cultural beliefs' for 'scientific facts'.
We report the characterization of an in vitro chromatin assembly system derived from Artemia embryos and its application to the study of AluI-113 satellite DNA organization in nucleosomes. The system efficiently reconstitutes chromatin templates by associating DNA, core histones, and H1. The polynucleosomal complexes show physiological spacing of repeat length 190 ؎ 5 base pairs, and the internucleosomal distances are modulated by energy-using activities that contribute to the dynamics of chromatin conformation. The assembly extract was used to reconstitute tandemly repeated AluI-113 sequences. The establishment of preferred histone octamer/satellite DNA interactions was observed. In vitro, AluI-113 elements dictated the same nucleosome translational localizations as found in vivo. Specific rotational constraints seem to be the central structural requirement for nucleosome association. Satellite dinucleosomes showed decreased translational mobility compared with mononucleosomes. This could be the consequence of interactions between rotationally positioned nucleosomes separated by linker DNA of uniform length. AluI-113 DNA led to weak cooperativity of nucleosome association in the proximal flanking regions, which decreased with distance. Moreover, the structural properties of satellite chromatin can spread, thus leading to a specific organization of adjacent nucleosomes.Most higher eukaryotic DNA is folded into a dynamic nucleoprotein structure, which is subject to progressive and reversible modifications of its condensation state during transitions between interphasic and metaphasic chromatin. However, there are chromosomal regions that maintain cytological properties comparable with those of the metaphase chromosome throughout the cell cycle (1). Termed heterochromatin, these highly condensed regions consist of simple DNA sequences repeated in long tandem arrays and are typically localized around centromeres and telomeres (reviewed in Refs. 2 and 3). Heterochromatic regions are replicated late during S phase (4, 5); they do not participate in meiotic recombination and are generally associated with the transcriptionally repressed state (reviewed in Ref. 6). These regions can influence the expression of juxtaposed genes in a manner dependent on their distance from the point of juxtaposition, a phenomenon called "position effect variegation" (7-9). Position effect variegation is thought to take place either by compartmentalization within transcriptionally inactive nuclear regions or by virtue of the spread of the heterochromatic structure (reviewed in Refs. 10 and 11).Heterochromatin is generally defined as highly organized chromatin structures stabilized by multiprotein complexes and is functionally correlated with diffusible transcription repressing properties (11). Genetic and molecular studies have shown that the process of heterochromatinization involves the spread of particular chromatin structures in the cases of pericentric insertions of euchromatic genes in Drosophila (12), centromeric insertion of the ur...
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