Introduction  Vocal fold polyps are one of the most frequent benign laryngeal lesions, impacting the quality of life of those affected by them, primarily the vocal production. Despite being a well-established therapy in conjunction with surgery, speech therapy alone may also be effective in treating these lesions. As such, otolaryngologists and speech therapists need updated bibliographic knowledge on the issue. Objective  To describe the literature findings on vocal fold polyps that discuss prevalence, etiology, histology, physiopathology, vocal characteristics or treatment. Data Synthesis  The present study is a review article based on a bibliographic search using platforms, databases and search engines, with no restrictions on means of publication, methodological quality or language. All the articles on vocal fold polyps pertaining to the object of study published in the past 15 years were included. Among the characteristics investigated, the most discussed were prevalence of men, smoking as an etiological cofactor, the possibility of histological differentiation from vocal nodules, the relationship with cover minor structural alterations, and the indication and effectiveness of different treatment options. Conclusion  Despite the discrepancies found in the present literature review on vocal fold polyps, there has been a notable scientific progress in the otolaryngologic techniques and in the effectiveness of speech therapy as initial treatment, with direct and indirect techniques, corroborating the need for scientific investigation of the issue.

Purpose: to identify the association between dietary habits and speech development in preschool children. Methods: case-control study, with sample constituted of 273 children enrolled in Municipal Daycare Centers in Recife. It was researched the association of outcome with the variables related to socioeconomic characteristics, nutritive and not nutritious sucking habits and development of the stomatognathic system. We used the software STATA/SE 9.0 and Excel 2007 to calculate the risk measure, Odds Ratio with a confidence interval of 95%, plus the value of p≤0.05. To verify the existence of association, it was adopted the chi-square test for categorical variables. Results: concerning the speech disorders, it was verified significant association in males. Yet, sucking habits were not significantly associated with the outcome studied. Regarding the stomatognathic system, it was registered significant association on speech disorders, especially regarding the habitual posture of the lips and tongue, as well as the presence of malocclusion. There was no significant association between food consistency and the variable studied event.Conclusion: the food consistency demonstrated a significant association with variables that impact on the proper physiology of the stomatognathic system, in terms of phono-articulatory organs and function performance, can be inferred that eating patterns and speech constitute a convergence point in child health. Keywords: Speech; Feeding; Stomatognathic System; Speech Disorders; Child Development; Feeding Behavior RESUMO Objetivo: identificar a associação entre hábito alimentar e desenvolvimento da fala em crianças pré-escolares. Métodos: estudo do tipo caso-controle, com amostra constituída por 273 crianças matriculadas nos Centros Municipais de Educação Infantil da cidade do Recife. Foi pesquisada a associação do desfecho com variáveis referentes a características socioeconômicas, hábitos de sucção nutritiva e não nutritiva e desenvolvimento do sistema estomatognático. Foram utilizados os softwares STATA/SE 9.0 e Excel 2007 para calcular a medida de risco, OddsRatio, o intervalo de confiança de 95% e o valor de p≤0,05. Para verificar a existência de associação, aplicou-se o teste qui-quadrado para variáveis categóricas. Resultados: no que se refere às alterações de fala, verificou-se associação significante no sexo masculino. Já os hábitos de sucção não se associaram significantemente com o desfecho estudado. Com relação ao sistema estomatognático, registra-se associação significante às alterações de fala, principalmente no que concerne à postura habitual de lábios e língua, assim como com a presença de oclusopatias. Não houve associação significante entre a variável de consistência alimentar e o evento estudado. Conclusão: a consistência alimentar demonstrou associação significante com variáveis que impactam na fisiologia adequada do sistema estomatognático, em termos de órgãos fonoarticulatórios e desempenho de funções, podendo-se inferir que padrão alimentar e fala constituem...

Severe brain damage associated with Zika-related microcephaly (ZRM) have been reported to result in oropharyngeal dysphagia (OPD); however, it is unknown if OPD presents in children with prenatal Zika virus (ZIKV) exposure but only mild or undetectable abnormalities. The aims of this study were: to compare the frequency and characteristics of OPD in children with ZRM and in children without microcephaly born to mothers who tested polymerase chain reaction positive (PCR+) for ZIKV during pregnancy; and to investigate the concordance of caregiver reports of OPD with the diagnosis from the clinical swallowing assessment (CSA). Between Mar/2017 and May/2018, we evaluated 116 children (n = 58 with microcephaly, n = 58 children without microcephaly born to ZIKV PCR + mothers) participating in the Microcephaly Epidemic Research Group (MERG) cohort of children born during the 2015-2016 ZIKV epidemic in Pernambuco, Brazil. To assess OPD we used: a CSA; a clinical assessment of the stomatognathic system; and a questionnaire administered to caregivers. The frequency of OPD was markedly higher in children with ZRM (79.3%) than in the exposed but normocephalic group (8.6%). The children with microcephaly also presented more frequently with anatomic and functional abnormalities in the stomatognathic system. There was a high degree of agreement between the caregiver reports of OPD and the CSA (κ = 0.92). In conclusion, our findings confirm that OPD is a feature of Congenital Zika Syndrome that primarily occurs in children with microcephaly and provide support for policies in which children are referred for rehabilitation with an OPD diagnosis based on caregiver report.

Objetivo: Analisar de forma sistemática o conhecimento da doença de Alzheimer (DA) e as estratégias adotadas pelo cuidador para lidar com os sintomas apresentados pelo idoso com DA. Métodos: Levantamento de estudos publicados nas bases de dados PubMed, MedLine, Lilacs e SciELO, utilizando os seguintes descritores e termos livres para estratégia de busca, de acordo com suas definições no DeCS e no MeSH: “cuidadores” or “educação em saúde” or “treinamento” or “cuidadores de idosos” and “doença de Alzheimer”; “elderly caregiving” or “training” or “health education” or “caregivers” and “Alzheimer disease”; “cuidadores de personas mayores” or “formación” or “educación en salud” or “cuidadores” and “enfermedad de Alzheimer”. Resultados: Foram eleitos 12 artigos para análise e leitura na íntegra. Os artigos foram classificados em três categorias: 1) Conhecimento acerca do declínio cognitivo e funcional da doença de Alzheimer; 2) Conhecimento acerca dos sintomas psicológicos e comportamentais da demência (SPCD); 3) Conhecimento acerca do comprometimento da linguagem. Na maioria dos estudos, verificou-se que a orientação a respeito do que é a enfermidade e a sua evolução pode interferir na maneira como o cuidador planeja e executa as ações de cuidado. Conclusão: É extremamente necessário criar oportunidades para que os cuidadores familiares e profissionais conheçam a doença para compreender o paciente e, consequentemente, as possibilidades de atuação (seguras e eficazes) nesse paciente. Isso é possível mediante implementação de programas psicoeducativos capazes de fornecer informações e orientações práticas para melhorar a assistência oferecida por cuidadores aos pacientes com DA.

Objectives: to identify the prevalence of nonnutritive sucking habits in preschoolers and verify factors associated with persistent habit.Methods: a cross-sectional analytical study conducted in 17 public educational units of Recife/PE through questionnaire with 524 preschooler guardians. Dependent (digital and pacifier sucking) and independent variables, related to the children (sex, age, breastfeeding, bottle feeding, nocturnal enuresis, school period, caregiver, birth order, dentist visit)

Mild Cognitive Impairment is characterized as an intermediate form between age-related change and dementia. For the elderly, autonomy and independence are related to the ability to remain active in conducting their social activities and, for this to occur, communication is fundamental in this process.Objective:To assess the association between communication and the abilities of elderly people with mild cognitive impairment to perform instrumental activities of daily living.Methods:A cross-sectional, quantitative, analytical, correlational study was conducted at the Open University of the Third Age (UnATI), a program of the Federal University of Pernambuco. This study included 92 people, comprising 46 elderly with mild cognitive impairment and a caregiver or family member who met the inclusion criteria. The elderly were asked to complete a sociodemographic questionnaire and Lawton-Brody’s Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale. The caregivers were asked to complete the Functional Assessment of Communication Skills. The following variables were studied: social communication skills and instrumental activities of daily living. Data were stored in an Excel® 2007 spreadsheet, and the Pearson correlation test was used for the statistical analysis.Results:There were statistically significant correlations in four domains of social communication: referring to family members by name (p=0.0033); requesting information about people or events (p=0.0355); understanding conversations in a noisy environment (p=0.0448); and understanding what they watch on television or listen to on the radio (p=0.0127).Conclusion:Changes in the communication of elderly people with mild cognitive impairment interfere with their ability to perform instrumental activities autonomously and independently.

RESUMOObjetivo: verificar a associação entre a disfunção oral e os fatores socioeconômicos, variáveis relacionadas à mãe e ao recém-nascido com o desempenho da mamada, durante as primeiras 48 horas de vida. Métodos: estudo transversal, analítico, realizado em uma maternidade pública do Recife-PE. Foram entrevistadas todas as mães de crianças nascidas a termo entre abril e julho de 2008, perfazendo 588 binômios mãe/recém-nascido. A avaliação do sistema sensório motor oral do neonato e avaliação da mamada foram elaboradas, codificando-se como zero quando o item era "esperado/ normal" e um quando "não esperado/de risco". A soma total dos itens "não esperados/de risco" resultou em um Índice de Disfunção Oral e um Índice de Avaliação da Mamada. Resultados: verificou-se que 57,3% dos binômios mães/recém-nascidos apresentavam alteração da mamada, 43,9% apresentavam 1 e/ou 2 alterações e 13,4% maior número de alterações. A frequência de disfunção oral foi de aproximadamente 30%. Na análise de regressão logística entre as variáveis incluídas, apenas a disfunção oral manteve-se associada significativamente com o insucesso da mamada. Crianças com maior número alterações da função oral apresentaram chance 4 vezes maior de ter alteração da mamada. Conclusões: sendo as disfunções orais uma das causas para o não estabelecimento da lactação, estas devem ser identificadas precocemente, visto que podem ser corrigidas, evitando o desmame. As maternidades devem possuir equipe capacitada no manejo do aleitamento, com um profissional que dê atenção especial às alterações do sistema sensório motor oral. [1][2][3][4] . A sucção no peito é um importante estimulador do crescimento crânio-facial 5,6 , pois durante esse processo, todas as estruturas orais como lábios, língua, bochechas, ossos e músculos da face se desenvolvem e se fortalecem, promovendo a atuação harmônica das funções estomatogná-ticas [7][8][9] . Além disso, é a maneira mais indicada e adequada para promover o desenvolvimento motororal e o estabelecimento correto das funções realizadas pelos órgãos fonoarticulatórios 9,10 . Alguns fatores podem interferir no estabelecimento da lactação durante as primeiras 48/72 DESCRITORES: INTRODUÇÃOO leite materno é a mais adequada fonte de nutrientes para o recém-nascido e uma rica fonte

Introduction: Cerebral palsy refers to developmental disorders with direct repercussions on posture control and motricity. Its  non-progressive  and  happens by damage  of the  brain still in development. Children with Cerebral Palsy (CP) present alterations in the oral functions, which makes feeding difficult and can bring serious health consequences, such as malnutrition and pneumonia. The caregiver plays an  essential role  of these children's diet, so they need to know the implementation of best  practices  to provide safe food. Guidelines for food practices and care are essential and need to be satisfactory and effective  to avoid complications and reduce stress for the caregiver and child. The speech therapist is the skilled professional in assisting and intervening in children's eating difficulties and in guiding the caregiver. However, the guidance provided is not always incorporated into daily practice, and it is key  to know  and understand it appropriately. Objective: To analyze the quality of the guidelines received and the feeding practices of caregivers of children with cerebral palsy. Methods: This is an exploratory, cross-sectional study, involving 59 main caregivers of children with CP from 1 to 10 years of age, classified as level IV or V in the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS), with absent cervical control or compensation and fed orally. Data collection carried out through interviews with questions related to the characterization of the sample, quality of the guidelines received regarding feeding and care. The data were entered, pre-coded and processed by the Epi-info 3.5.4 program, using Fisher's exact test to compare categorical variables. RESULTS: Of the total sample, 52 participants had already received speech-language guidance regarding feeding care. Of these, 76.9% were classified as satisfactory guidelines. The most emphasized aspect is related to posture, while signs of risk of bronchoaspiration were the least oriented.The quality of the guidelines was related to safe food consistency, inadequate utensils and facilitating maneuvers during children's feeding. Conclusion: The findings reveal that most of the caregivers receive the feeding guidelines for children with CP  , however, there is no periodic and systematic monitoring of what  is actually incorporated into the feeding . This  may  indicate    a potential  gap between the guidelines received  by the caregivers and  the effectiveness of  their daily practice, especially  concerning  protective measures of the lower respiratory tract.