Research in several Latin American countries points to violence, loss of traditional territories, and seeking education, health, and wage labor as key variables in triggering rural–urban migration among Indigenous people. This study presents an analysis of the migration patterns of Indigenous people in Brazil, compared to non-indigenous people, based on data from the most recent national census, conducted in 2010. Migration characteristics related to lifetime migration and recent migration were investigated by means of descriptive and multivariable logistic regression analyses. The findings pointed to complex mobility scenarios according to migrants’ Indigenous status and geographical regions of origin and destination. Indigenous people living in urban areas presented high levels of mobility (approximately 50% lived in different municipalities from those where they were born), which were more pronounced than those of non-Indigenous people. Indigenous people living in rural areas presented the lowest levels of migration (approximately 90% residing in their municipality of birth). Statistical modeling confirmed the patterns observed in descriptive analysis, highlighting the marked mobility of Indigenous subjects in urban areas. We emphasize the limitations of using census data for characterizing Indigenous mobility profiles, although no other nationally representative data are available. The finding that the Indigenous population living in urban areas presents rates of migration higher than their non-Indigenous counterparts is particularly important for the planning and implementation of a broad range of public policies aimed at ethnic minorities in the country, including health, education, and housing initiatives.
Kesler e Hout, 2010), onde estudiosos buscam responder a questões tais como: como é o desempenho dos imigrantes no mercado de trabalho? Quais são os impactos da imigração sobre a oportunidade de emprego e ganhos salariais dos trabalhadores nativos? Quais políticas migratórias beneficiam o país hospedeiro? Como a composição étnica e racial do mercado de trabalho influencia as desigualdades salariais entre grupos minoritários (étnicos/raciais)? Quais são os efeitos de características socioeconô
Esse artigo objetiva analisar: i) se mulheres e homens estrangeira(o)s têm padrões de mobilidade ocupacional diferentes no mercado de trabalho formal brasileiro; ii) se as mulheres têm menores probabilidades de mobilidade ascendente, quando compa-radas aos seus conterrâneos; iii) e se as chances de mobilidade ascendente entre es-trangeiros e estrangeiras no mercado de trabalho formal brasileiro se diferenciam por grupo de nacionalidade. Para tanto, utilizamos os dados das Relações Anuais de In-formações Sociais (RAIS) de 1995 a 2015 que se referem somente aos trabalhadore(a) s empregado(a)s no mercado formal. Os resultados evidenciam que não são todos os grupos de estrangeiros que apresentam chances de mobilidade diferentes entre homens e mulheres, pois depende da nacionalidade do indivíduo. Para aqueles que apresentam divergências, as chances de mobilidade ascendente são maiores para os estrangeiros comparados às estrangeiras. In this article we analyse whether: i) foreign women and men exhibit different occupational mobility patterns in Brazil’s formal labour market; ii) foreign women are less likely to experience upward mobility than their male peers; and iii) the chances of upward mobility among foreign women and men in Brazil’s formal labour market differ by nationality. To examine these questions, we use the data from the Annual Social Information Reports (RAIS) from 1995 to 2015, which refer exclusively to workers employed in the formal labour market. The results demonstrate that the chances of mobility of men and women do not differ among all groups of foreigners, since this difference is dependent on the nationality concerned. For those groups that do show differences, the chances of upward mobility are higher among men than women.
Este trabajo tiene el objetivo de realizar un análisis comparativo de la situación socioeconómica de los inmigrantes latinoamericanos de origen ecuatoriano, colombiano, boliviano, peruano, venezolano y brasileño, incorporados al mercado de trabajo en España, en 2001. Se pretende investigar si existen diferencias niveles de empleo, comparando los seis grupos de latinoamericanos, y cuáles están en mejores o peores ocupaciones en el mercado de trabajo de España. También tenemos como objetivo identificar si esas diferencias de inserción laboral pueden ser explicadas por la nacionalidad de esos trabajadores, controlando las características individuales de esos trabajadores. Para investigar estos puntos, seleccionamos a los extranjeros ecuatorianos, colombianos, bolivianos, peruanos, venezolanos y brasileños, entre 25 y 65 años, en el Censo Demográfico español. En cuanto a los modelos de análisis, estimamos dos modelos de regresión logística, para verificar las diferencias relacionadas al origen étnica/nacional para la determinación de la empleabilidad e inserción ocupacional. Se mantienen las características socioeconómicas de los trabajadores constantes (sexo, edad, escolaridad, entre otras características), verificar el efecto del país de nacimiento del trabajador para explicar la situación del inmigrante en el mercado de trabajo español.
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