The goal of this work is the implementation of a metrological set up dedicated to the characterization of cardiac pacemakers' immunity at low frequency electromagnetic disruptions. The studied frequencies are 50 Hz, 60 Hz, 10 kHz and 25 kHz. The assessment methodology that is applied is in accord with the electromagnetic compatibility. The tests are carried out on single-chamber pacemakers. The first approach, consisting of the application of the interfering signal directly between the housing and the electrode, enabled us to point out the influence of a preset detection sensitivity on the signal levels induced between the terminal and the pacemaker's housing. These attempts are completed by in vitro tests using an electromagnetic model which allows one to take into account the interface which constitutes the human body, and thus to get closer to a real life situation. The visualization of the pacemaker generated signal illustrates the performance of the pacemaker according to different test configurations. It is an initial approach meant to create a base for the creation of a metrological protocol.
The Narse d'Ampoix mire lies in an ancient maar formed during the Lateglacial. The pollenanalysis of a boring made in its center shows that the sedimentary filling started during a cold period characterised by a treeless steppe vegetation corresponding to the Younger Dryas. The Holocene vegetational history is very similar to that described in the near mountains of Cezallier and Cantal. It is marked by the existence of a local Pinus woodstand during the Preboreal, by the dominant role of Tiha during the Atlantic and by the low representation of Abies during the Subboreal Fagus phase. There is a little evidence for an early human action during the first part of the Atlantic. This site is of interest also because Juvigné et Gewelt (1986) found in it 6 tephra layers; through comparision with the regional vegetational history, the pollenanalysis of this site made it possible, along with I4C datings, to verify the dates proposed for the volcanic episodes. Moreover, various modern methods of pollen data processing were used for the study of the Narse d'Ampoix mise, namely two basic computer programs for the zonation of biostratigraphic data.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.