Objective: Health-care workers (HCWs) in Indonesia have been participating in the war against the coronavirus disease-2019 since March 2020. Ever since HCWs were exposed to the regular use of personal protective equipment (PPE) with varying levels and maintain hand hygiene more as recommended by the World Health Organization. Adverse skin reactions to PPE in Indonesia has yet to be acknowledged. This study aimed to study the prevalence and characteristics-, possible risk factors-, and suggest possible solutions towards adverse skin reactions to PPE among HCWs in a multi-center setting of Indonesia. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted online among HCWs in the Siloam Hospitals Group of Banten province. HCWs of Banten Province were surveyed from June 1 to August 31, 2020. The data was obtained using avalidated online survey questionnaire including (1) demographic characteristics; (2) occupational-related characteristics; (3) adverse skin reactions. Results: A response rate of 40.2% was obtained and 200 valid respondents were yielded. The mean age of respondents was (26.94 ± 7.23) years old. Adverse skin reactions (66.5%) were reported primarily in female (73.7%) working as doctors (82.7%) of a non-referral center for coronavirus disease-2019 (60.2%) wearing level 2 and 3 PPE (43.6% and 37.6%, respectively). The cheeks and chin was the most common site involved (69.9%) with dryness/tightness (63.9%) and acne (77.4%) as the highest symptoms and signs reported. Sex, age group classification, level of PPE worn, hand hygiene frequency, and duration of PPE worn daily were factors considerably associated with adverse skin reactions to PPE (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Adverse skin reactions to PPE are common among HCWs in Indonesia. Comprehensive strengthening of the skin condition and awareness on adverse skin reactions should be advocated.

Objective Vitamin D has been hypothesized to have a potential role in altering sperm motility and metabolism. However, experimental studies have demonstrated inconsistent results between vitamin D and sperm parameters. This study aims to investigate the role of vitamin D supplementation to improve sperm parameters in infertile men. Methods This is a systematic review and meta-analysis study. We comprehensively conducted a search on ClinicalTrials.gov, IRCT.ir, Europe PMC, and PubMed and collected published studies on vitamin D supplementation and sperm parameters for infertile men. The risk of bias was assessed by using Risk of Bias version 2 (RoB v2) and the statistical analysis was performed by using Review Manager 5.4 software. Results Five trials with a total of 648 infertile men were included. Our meta-analysis showed that supplementation with vitamin D may significantly improve total sperm motility [mean difference 4.96 (95% CI 0.38, 9.54), p = 0.03, I 2 = 69%], progressive sperm motility [mean difference 4.14 (95% CI 0.25, 8.02), p = 0.04, I 2 = 89%], and normal sperm morphology [mean difference 0.44 (95% CI 0.30, 0.57), p < 0.00001, I 2 = 0%] better than placebo in infertile men. However, total sperm count ( p = 0.15), sperm concentration ( p = 0.82), and semen volume ( p = 0.83) did not differ significantly between two groups. Conclusions Vitamin D supplementation may improve sperm motility, progressive sperm motility, and morphology in infertile men. Vitamin D supplementation may be considered in managing male fertility issue.

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Background: Since the occurrence of the coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic, healthcare workers (HCWs) have been strictly adhering to infection control practices within healthcare facilities. However, regular use of personal protective equipment (PPE) and hand hygiene have led to increased prevalence of skin damage, subsequently impacting the quality of life (QoL). Objective: To analyse the connection between skin damage and the QoL among HCWs in a multicenter setting in Indonesia. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among HCWs working in hospitals in Banten Province, Indonesia. The data was obtained using a reliable self-reported questionnaire (Cronbach α 0.765) and a validated Indonesian version of the Dermatology Life Quality Index. Results: A total of 113 respondents (56.5%) who experienced at least one self-perceived PPE-related skin damage and had worn PPE of any level within the last 7 days were analysed. The mean age ± SD of respondents was 26.09 ± 6.22 years old, while the mean DLQI score ± SD was 5.46 ± 4.88, with a median of 4.0 (range, 0-24). The regression model showed that the level of PPE used ( P < 0.05) to be a significant risk factor. Conclusions: Skin damage due to PPE affects HCWs physically and emotionally. It is crucial to recognise its impact on life and reinforce awareness, prevention, and treatment of skin damage. Dermatologist referral and intervention should be considered for optimum management.