Recently, the world is facing an escalate in the incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Databases containing information about patients in end stage renal disease (ESRD), especially in the United States, were the sources of initial information about it. Brazil has the third largest population on dialysis in the world, and there are about 680 dialysis centers, spread across all units of the federation in the present, providing treatment to an estimated population of almost 90,000 patients. Cutaneous involvement in the chronic renal failure is characterized by a number of manifestations, which may be related to three processes: the primary renal disease, the uremic state, or the therapeutic measures used in their handling. The skin changes in these two classes of patients, dialysis and transplant recipients, have been the subject of several studies. n recent years, however, great progress has been achieved in these two therapeutic modalities, which may have changed not only the type of the dermatologic disorders associated with these two conditions, but also their intensity or frequency. This article aims to yield an update as to the topic skin diseases in hemodialysis and kidney transplant patients.
A Associação Brasileira de Alergia e Imunologia (ASBAI) se manifesta totalmente favorável à imunização contra a COVID-19 em indivíduos entre 5 e 11 anos, para a proteção não somente deste grupo, mas também de seus conviventes. A vacinação de crianças, demonstrada sua eficácia e segurança, é fundamental para o controle da circulação do vírus e proteção de indivíduos cuja resposta vacinal pode não ocorrer de modo eficiente, como os imunocomprometidos e idosos. A imunização de pessoas entre 5 e 11 anos deve ser uma estratégia de saúde pública fundamental para o controle da pandemia que nos assola desde março de 2020 com todas as suas graves consequências para a saúde pública e a economia.Descritores: Vacinas contra COVID-19, imunização, criança.The Brazilian Association of Allergy and Immunology (ASBAI) is totally in favor of immunization against COVID-19 in individuals between 5 and 11 years old, for the protection not only of this group, but also of their cohabitants. The vaccination of children, once its efficacy and safety has been demonstrated, is essential for controlling the circulation of the virus and protecting individuals whose vaccine response may not occur efficiently, such as the immunocompromised and the elderly. The immunization of people between the ages of 5 and 11 must be a fundamental public health strategy to control the pandemic that has been plaguing us since March 2020 with all its serious consequences for public health and the economy.
The diagnostic rate of bronchial asthma (BA) at 5 y of age decreased significantly from13.8% to 9.4%, and that of Japanese cedar pollinosis (JCP) at 5 y increased significantly to 17.9% from 9.5%. CONCLUSIONS In 5-years-old children, compared with the data of 12 years ago, the diagnostic rate of AD was almost identical, whereas decrease in the diagnostic rate of BA and an increase of JCP were observed. Finally, increase in diagnostic rate of FA was seen due to the increase avoiding food allergens other than HE, CM, and wheat.
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