Prevalência de transtornos mentais comuns e fatores associados entre idosos de um município do BrasilThe prevalence of common mental disorders and associated factors among the elderly in a Brazilian city
Violência sexual e coocorrências em crianças e adolescentes: estudo das incidências ao logo de uma décadaSexual violence and co-occurrences suffered by children and adolescents: study of incidents over a decade
-The study aimed to assess the prevalence and sociodemographic, occupational and lifestyle factors associated with overweight/obesity in state teachers from a northeastern Brazilian city. A cross-sectional study involving teachers from the city of Jequié-BA initially selected by cluster sampling (schools) was conducted. The sample consisted of 300 teachers, including 72.7% (n=214) women. Sociodemographic, occupational and lifestyle data were investigated. Body weight and height were obtained by self-report. Prevalence ratios and 95% confidence intervals were estimated and a level of significance of 5% was adopted. The overall prevalence of overweight/obesity was 47.2%. The prevalence was significantly higher among male teachers (58.2%), married or cohabitating subjects (49.1%), whites and mulattoes (87.6%), teachers with an income > R$ 2,002.00 and a permanent contract (45.9%), and subjects who did not consume fruits or vegetables (49.1%). After multivariate analysis, only gender (95% CI = 0.16-0.66) and consumption of fruits and vegetables (95% CI = 0.25-0.98) remained significantly associated with overweight/obesity among teachers. These findings promote debate on the need for actions designed to encourage the adoption of an active lifestyle by the teacher population. Key words: Obesity; Occupational health; Overweight. 300 professores, 72,7% (n=214) (58,2%), casados ou vivendo em união estável (49,1%), brancos e pardos (87,6%), com renda > R$ 2.002,00, com vínculo de trabalho efetivo (45,9%) e que não consumiam frutas e verduras (49,1%). Após a análise multivariada, apenas as variáveis sexo (IC 95% = 0,66) Resumo -O estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a prevalência e os fatores sociodemograficos, ocupacionais e hábitos de vida associados ao sobrepeso/obesidade entre professores da rede estadual de um município do nordeste brasileiro. Estudo de corte-transversal com professores da rede estadual do município de Jequié-BA selecionados, inicialmente, por conglomerados (escolas). A amostra foi constituída por
Este ensaio teórico foi elaborado com o objetivo de discutir sobre os reflexos da pandemia na saúde mental de idosos e a contribuição dos exergames como terapia não medicamentosa para o cuidado à saúde neste grupo em tempos de pandemia de COVID-19. Apesar de compreender que as medidas restritivas para aglomerações são estratégias importantes no controle da pandemia, o distanciamento social pode aumentar ainda mais a vulnerabilidade dos idosos, principalmente no que diz respeito ao agravamento das morbidades psíquicas. Nesse sentido, apresentar possibilidades de atividades físicas, já comprovadamente aceitas, como modalidades terapêuticas efetivas, frente a essas condições, e indicar possibilidades de movimentar-se com os exergames, contribui para o aumento do nível de atividade física e, consequentemente, para a melhoria da saúde mental dessa população.
Objective Assess the content validity of the Elderly Health Assessment Tool with low education.Methods The data collection instrument/questionnaire was prepared and submitted to an expert panel comprising four healthcare professionals experienced in research on epidemiology of aging. The experts were allowed to suggest item inclusion/exclusion and were asked to rate the ability of individual items in questionnaire blocks to encompass target dimensions as “not valid”, “somewhat valid” or “valid”, using an interval scale. Percent agreement and the Content Validity Index were used as measurements of inter-rater agreement; the minimum acceptable inter-rater agreement was set at 80%.Results The mean instrument percent agreement rate was 86%, ranging from 63 to 99%, and from 50 to 100% between and within blocks respectively. The Mean Content Validity Index score was 93.47%, ranging from 50 to 100% between individual items.Conclusion The instrument showed acceptable psychometric properties for application in geriatric populations with low levels of education. It enabled identifying diseases and assisted in choice of strategies related to health of the elderly.
ResumoIntrodução: A avaliação da capacidade funcional e da autopercepção de saúde podem ser consideradas importantes marcadores de condição de saúde do idoso no contexto de envelhecimento populacional da população brasileira. Objetivo: Descrever a prevalência de incapacidade funcional e a sua associação com a autopercepção de saúde e demais características em idosos residentes na zona rural. Metodologia: Estudo transversal, do tipo inquérito domiciliar, realizado com 95 idosos residentes na zona rural de um município da Região Nordeste do Brasil. Os dados foram coletados por meio de questionário padronizado, respondido pelo participante em seu próprio domicílio. Foram utilizados procedimentos da estatística descritiva e realizada análise bivariada usando o Teste Qui-Quadrado de Pearson e sendo calculada a Razão de Prevalência como medida de associação. Foi adotado para análise e interpretação dos dados nível de significância de 5% (p<0,05). Resultados: A maioria dos sujeitos investigados era do sexo feminino (57,9%), com idade entre 60 e 79 anos (75,8%), 47,4% eram hipertensos e 8,4% cardiopatas. A autopercepção de saúde negativa foi relatada por 57,9% dos idosos e a prevalência de incapacidade funcional foi 13,7%. Foi evidenciada associações estatisticamente significantes entre incapacidade funcional e hipertensão (RP=3,63; IC95%: 1,07-12,36) e cardiopatia (RP=4,78. IC95%:1,89-12,10), não sendo observada significância estatística entre incapacidade e autopercepção de saúde (RP=0,86; IC95%:0,31-2,37). Conclusão: Tais resultados apontam para importância da manutenção da independência funcional dos idosos, sendo os achados potencialmente úteis e válidos para o planejamento e elaboração de políticas de atenção à saúde dos idosos. Palavras-chave: Saúde do Idoso. Atividades Cotidianas. Zona Rural. Abstract Introduction: The evaluation of the functional capacity and health self-perception can be considered important health status markers in the elderly population aging context of the Brazilian population. Objective: To describe the prevalence of disability and its association with the self-perception of health and other characteristics in the elderly
Objective: To examine the association between muscle strength and the ability to perform basic and instrumental activities of daily living in elderly resident in rural areas of Jequie, Brazil. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional design study with a population of 104 individuals aged sixty or older, registered in the Family Health Unit of the district of Itajuru, Jequie-Brazil. Data collection was performed using a standardized instrument used as an interview, followed by the application of tests (bending arm with dumbbell and rising from a chair 30 sec). The basic and instrumental activities of daily living were investigated through the Katz and Lawton scales, respectively. The chi-square test with p ≤0.05 was used as a measure of statistical significance for bivariate analyzes between muscle strength and ability to perform daily activities. Results: The results showed a significant association between muscle strength and dynamic ability to perform activities of daily living. Conclusion: Reduced muscle strength is an important predictor of the functional ability of the elderly. Accordingly, it is recommended to observe muscle strength in actions directed at the elderly.
Our results suggest that different subgroups of IVDU have different characteristics that place them at different risk for HIV-1 infection. These characteristics should guide the design and intensity of specific preventive interventions. Teenagers and IVDU with low educational levels should be targetted for special attention by health authorities.
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