D U RI NG the 1948-49 winter season it was necessary to operate the Hialeah Water Treatment Plant of Miami, Fla., at well in excess of its 60-mgd. rated capacity. The population of the Greater Miami area is increasing rapidly, and it became apparent that the proposed 40-mgd. softening plant would be completed much too late to meet the rapidly rising water demand. Therefore it was decided to Experimental meet the seasonal peak load from standby wells, pumping unsoftened,The rate of settlement of iron was chlorinated water into the distribution measured as quiescent settling in 1system.liter glass-stoppered pyrex bottles. No It was considered better for part of determination was made of the mathe area served to receive hard water in terial which fell to the bottom of the quantity than for the whole to suffer bottles because of time and labor confrom inadequate supply. The water siderations, as well as the great possibilcontains an appreciable amount of iron ity of manipulative error. Instead, samand there was no possibility of remov-ples from the top ! in. of water were ing it. Over and above the apparent taken through a short glass U-tube atdisadvantages inherent in such a water tached to a pipet. The reasoning was was the fact that it would be pumped that, where no settlement had occurred, through a pipe designed to carry a the original iron content would be presvery much larger amount as treated ent throughout the bottle, and that any water, resulting in a calculated maxi-lesser amount found at the top would mum velocity of 0.8 fps. It was be-indicate the amount to be found at the lieved that nowhere in the distribution bottom, or on its way to the bottom, mains or feeder lines would this rate of the bottle. Total iron was deterbe exceeded and that, in many areas, mined in the water so sampled by boilthe water would travel slowly back and ing for five minutes with 6N nitric acid, forth or stop entirely, with the result cooling, and measuring, with a phothat large accumulations of ferric hy-tometer, the color developed by amdroxide would develop. The conse-monium thiocyanate, as described in quent red-water condition would far Standard Methods (1).
in capacity from 40 to 60 mgd. by increasing the filtration rate of the sixteen filters from 2.0 to 3.0 gpm. per square foot. Moreover, a change in the treatment process is involved as well. The addition of free residual chlorination will insure a more attractive and palatable water having a much lower color than is to be found at present.The additions to the water plant and to the Miami water supply system have been described previously by Wertz (2). It is the purpose of this paper to outline the process of water treatment as practiced at present and to describe the operation and control of the proposed process.
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