Characteristics of Activated Silica Sols

Henry, Clarence R.

doi:10.1002/j.1551-8833.1949.tb15122.x

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Samples were allowed to settle for 30 min, after which turbidities were determined. C. R. Henry (27), in his studies of activated silica as a coagulant for lime softening, used 2-liter samples, as-min rapid mixing period at 160 rpm, followed by a IS-min slow mixing period at 40 rpm.…”

Section: Later Developmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of the Jar Test

Black¹,

Buswell²,

Eidsness³

et al. 1957

Journal AWWA

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Section: Later Developmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of the Jar Test

Black¹,

Buswell²,

Eidsness³

et al. 1957

Journal AWWA

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“…Canal-requires a coagulant. A small dosage of silica is sufficient to coagulate, although no amount of alum up to 154 ppm will produce a floc (6). A typical average analysis of this water is given in Table 1.…”

Section: Table 1 Typical Analysis Of Miami Canal Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this aspect the silica sols have proved valuable in improving coagulant action with the aluminum and iron salts previously and customarily used (4,5). In lime softening, a silica sol alone will sometimes produce an excellent floc when no practicable amount of the other coagulants will produce any floc (6).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Stability and Activity of Activated Silica Sols

Henry¹

1952

Journal AWWA

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“…In addition, Fig. 5 shows the effect .of applying silica as a silica sol produced from a 1 Na 20: 3.22 Si0 2 ratio sodium silicate partially neutralized by carbon dioxide gas (4). The concentration of silica and the percentage neutralization were such as to give an active, stable sol at the time of use.…”

Section: Fig S Reagent-iron Ratiosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevention of the Settlement of Iron

Henry¹

1950

Journal AWWA

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D U RI NG the 1948-49 winter season it was necessary to operate the Hialeah Water Treatment Plant of Miami, Fla., at well in excess of its 60-mgd. rated capacity. The population of the Greater Miami area is increasing rapidly, and it became apparent that the proposed 40-mgd. softening plant would be completed much too late to meet the rapidly rising water demand. Therefore it was decided to Experimental meet the seasonal peak load from standby wells, pumping unsoftened,The rate of settlement of iron was chlorinated water into the distribution measured as quiescent settling in 1system.liter glass-stoppered pyrex bottles. No It was considered better for part of determination was made of the mathe area served to receive hard water in terial which fell to the bottom of the quantity than for the whole to suffer bottles because of time and labor confrom inadequate supply. The water siderations, as well as the great possibilcontains an appreciable amount of iron ity of manipulative error. Instead, samand there was no possibility of remov-ples from the top ! in. of water were ing it. Over and above the apparent taken through a short glass U-tube atdisadvantages inherent in such a water tached to a pipet. The reasoning was was the fact that it would be pumped that, where no settlement had occurred, through a pipe designed to carry a the original iron content would be presvery much larger amount as treated ent throughout the bottle, and that any water, resulting in a calculated maxi-lesser amount found at the top would mum velocity of 0.8 fps. It was be-indicate the amount to be found at the lieved that nowhere in the distribution bottom, or on its way to the bottom, mains or feeder lines would this rate of the bottle. Total iron was deterbe exceeded and that, in many areas, mined in the water so sampled by boilthe water would travel slowly back and ing for five minutes with 6N nitric acid, forth or stop entirely, with the result cooling, and measuring, with a phothat large accumulations of ferric hy-tometer, the color developed by amdroxide would develop. The conse-monium thiocyanate, as described in quent red-water condition would far Standard Methods (1).

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Characteristics of Activated Silica Sols

Cited by 8 publications

References 2 publications

Review of the Jar Test

Review of the Jar Test

Stability and Activity of Activated Silica Sols

Prevention of the Settlement of Iron

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