Linguistically diverse learners tend to first relate the pragmatic ability they already possess in their first or more dominant language (L1) to act in the L2; as a result, miscommunication and misunderstandings are frequent and common. Teachers can help learners develop awareness about L2 pragmatic norms by making visible how speech acts are performed in the L2 community of speakers while providing opportunities to engage in role-playing or real interactions involving the accomplishment of selected speech acts. This chapter offers an overview of the importance of context in cross-cultural interactions, a brief survey of the theories of speech acts, and concrete pedagogical ideas for teachers to develop linguistically diverse learners' pragmatic awareness and ability while celebrating and promoting linguistic and cultural diversity.
Resumo O presente artigo visa a discutir a relação entre o advento de multiletramentos digitais e seus desdobramentos em práticas de escrita e leitura em ambientes virtuais na área de educação. Dentro de uma perspectiva sócio-cultural e histórica do discurso, procurar-se-á enfatizar a questão de que as práticas sociais e comunidades com que as pessoas convivem e interagem, estão intimamente relacionadas aos tipos de letramento a que elas têm acesso, principalmente se se consideram novas exigências de uma era de globalização e o capitalismo rápido. Nesse sentido, a difusão dos letramentos digitais na Internet possibilitou a construção de outros significados e modos de escrever e ler em nossa sociedade. Por outro lado, com a valorização dos letramentos digitais desenvolveram-se desigualdades cada vez mais profundas entre os indivíduos que se envolvem nessas práticas letradas e aqueles que permanecem alijados, sem acesso e sem voz na era digital. Nesse contexto, estar conectado ao mundo virtual torna-se uma questão fundamental na atualidade.
Over the past decade, the voice and speech recognition industry has established itself as a multibillion-dollar global market, but at whose expense? In this forum article, we scrutinize the case of Sanas, a US-based company offering an AI-powered accent-modification technology that is tailored for the off-shore call center industry. We offer this critique through a virtue-based framework for AI ethics. Our commentary exposes Sanas as an agent of racial commodification and linguistic dominance, as it rests on the perceived superiority of standardized US English. We discuss how racial commodification enables capitalism. Sanas, and similar programs, are not helping build a more understanding world; it is helping perpetuate and maintain harmful raciolinguistic ideologies that maintain language discrimination and continue to frame the language practices of racialized speakers as deficient. Thus, we write this piece with the intent to expose the fabricated humanity of accent modification technology whose existence perpetuates capitalism’s reliance on dehumanization for economic advancement and the legacy and reproduction of white language superiority.
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