In this work, nanostructured copper materials have been designed, synthetized, and evaluated in order to produce a more efficient and sustainable copper bionanohybrid with catalytical and antimicrobial properties. Thus, conditions are sought where the most critical steps are reduced or minimized, such as the use of reducing agents or the cryogenization step. In addition, the new materials have been characterized through different techniques, and their oxidative and reductive capacities, as well as their antimicrobial activity, have been evaluated. The addition of different quantities of a reducing agent in the synthesis method generated copper bionanohybrids with different metallic species, nanoparticles sizes, and structures. The antimicrobial properties of the bionanohybrids were studied against different strains of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria through two different methods: by counting the CFU and via the disk diffusion test, respectively. The bionanohybrids have demonstrated that different efficiencies depending on the bacterial strain were confronted with. The Cu-PHOS-100% R hybrids with the highest percentage of reduction showed the best antimicrobial efficiency against Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteria (>96 or >77% in 4 h, respectively) compared to 31% bacteria reduction using Cu-PHOS-0% R. Also, the antimicrobial activity against Bacillus subtilis materials was obtained with Cu-PHOS-100% R (31 mm inhibition zone and 125 μg/mL minimum inhibitory concentration value). Interestingly, the better antimicrobial activity of the nanobiohybrids against Gram-positive bacteria Mycobacterium smegmatis was obtained with some with a lower reduction step in the synthesis, Cu-PHOS-10% R or Cu-PHOS-20% R (>94% bacterial reduction in 4 h).
In this work, an efficient synthesis of bionanohybrids as artificial metalloenzymes (Cu, Pd, Ag, Mn) based on the application of an enzyme as a scaffold was described. Here we evaluated the effect of changing the metal, pH of the medium, and the amount of enzyme in the synthesis of these artificial metalloenzymes, where changes in the metal species and the size of the nanoparticles occur. These nanozymes were applied in the degradation of hydrogen peroxide for their evaluation as mimetics of catalase activity, the best being the Mn@CALB-H2O, which presented MnO2 nanostructures, with three-fold improved activity compared to Cu2O species, CuNPs@CALB-P, and free catalase.
In this work, new nanostructured copper materials have been designed, synthetized and evaluated in order to produce a more efficient and sustainable copper bionanohybrid with catalytical and antimicrobial properties. Thus, conditions are sought where the most critical steps are reduced or minimized, such as the use of reducing agents or the cryogenization step. In addition, the new materials have been characterized through different techniques and their oxidative and reductive capacity has been evaluated, as well as their antimicrobial activity. We demonstrate that the addition of different quantities of reducing agent in the synthesis method generates copper bionanohybrids with different metallic species, nanoparticles sizes and morphologies (spherical, nanorod, nanowires structures) , and antimicrobial activity. The antimicrobial properties of the bionanohybrids were studied against two different strain of bacteria, Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis, through two different methods: by counting the CFU and via disk diffusion test, respectively. In both cases, Cu-PHOS-100%R, with the highest percentage of reducing agent, was the most efficient, achieving a MIC value against B. subtilis of 125 µg/mL and an E. coli percentage reduction of 95% in 4h. Notable results were also obtained with the bionanohybrids with lowest reduction percentages, such as Cu-PHOS-10%R, which showed a MIC of 250 µg/mL and a bacteria reduction of 82%.
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