Lithium metal anodes (LMAs) are the most promising candidates for high-energy-density batteries due to the high theoretical specific capacity and lowest potential. However, the practical application of LMAs is hampered by the short lifespan and unsatisfactory lithium utilization (<50%). An oxide-oxide heterojunction enhanced with nanochamber structure design is proposed to improve lithium utilization and cycling performance of LMA under ultrahigh rates. Typically, a MnO 2 -ZnO heterojunction provides high binding energy for strong absorption of Li-ions and intimately bonded interfaces for fast transfer of electrons. Under the guidance of the smooth Li-ion migration and rapid electron flow, the Li metal can be restricted as thin layers within submicro scale in nanochambers with constrain boundary and stress dissipation, inhibiting the local agglomeration and blocking. Thus, the lithiophilic active sites can be effectively exposed to the Li-ions within submicro scale, improving the reversible conversion for high lithium utilization during long-term cycling. As such, the Li@MnZnO/CNF electrode achieves a high lithium utilization of 70% at a record-high current density of 50 mA cm −2 with areal capacity of 10 mAh cm −2 . This work offers an avenue to improve lithium utilization for long-lifespan LMAs working under high current densities and capacities.

The viable Li metal anodes (LMAs) are still hampered by the safety concerns resulting from fast Li dendrite growth and huge volume expansion during cycling. Herein, carbon nanofiber matrix anchored with MgZnO nanoparticles (MgZnO/CNF) is developed as a flexible triplegradient host for long cycling LMAs. The superlithiophilic MgZnO nanoparticles significantly increase the wettability of CNF for fast and homogeneous infusion with molten Li. The in-built potential and lithophilic gradients constructed after an in-situ lithiation of This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.MgZnO and CNF enable nearly zero Li nucleation overpotential and homogeneous deposition of lithium at different scales. As such, the LMAs based on MgZnO/CNF achieve long cycling life and small overpotential even at a record-high current density of 50 mA cm -2 and a high areal capacity of 10 mAh cm -2 . A full cell paring with this designed LMA and LiFePO 4 exhibits a capacity retention up to 82% after 600 cycles at a high rate of 5 C. A Liion capacitor also shows an impressive capacity retention of 84% at 5 A g -1 after 10000 cycles. Such a Li@MgZnO/CNF anode is a promising candidate for Li-metal energy storage systems, especially working under ultrahigh current density.

Constructing an architectural host is demonstrated to be an effective strategy for long‐life lithium metal anodes (LMAs). Herein, an integrated 3D host for stable and ultrahigh‐rate LMAs is developed by a binary highly conductive network of 2D reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and 1D carbon nanofibers (CNF) anchored with 0D ultrasmall MgZnO nanoparticles (MgZnO/CNF‐rGO). A facile net‐fishing strategy is proposed to combine the rGO nanosheets with free‐standing CNF matrix as interconnected paths for fast electron transport. Notably, serving as Li nucleation sites, the superlithiophilic MgZnO nanoparticles are uniformly distributed and tightly contacted with the conductive matrix without agglomeration due to the rGO confinement. Such a delicate nanoscale combination guarantees the effective transportation and uniform deposition of Li‐ions in the inner surface of the host. The symmetric cell of Li@MgZnO/CNF‐rGO exhibits a long lifespan above 1450 cycles under an ultrahigh current density of 50 mA cm−2 with an areal capacity of 1.0 mAh cm−2. Impressively, it also delivers a high reversible capacity of 10 mAh cm−2 at 50 mA cm−2. This work offers an avenue to promise the prospect for practical LMAs working under high rates and capacities.

Poultry feather is an ideal carbon precursor for energy storage with natural fiber structure and abundant element doping. However, the collapse of the feather’s natural structure and the loss of doped elements during high-temperature treatment limit the application of feather-based active carbon. Herein, Mg­(NO3)2 is introduced as a trifunctional template for morphology supporting, pore creating, and element doping of duck feathers. MgO decomposed from Mg­(NO3)2 can prevent the fiber from melting during carbonization, so as to form a hollow structure and etch mesopores on the surface, while NOx decomposed from Mg­(NO3)2 will in situ dope the precursor. Benefitting from the hollow fiber structure and rich nitrogen and oxygen doping, feather-derived hierarchical porous carbon shows high specific capacity, excellent rate, and cycling performance as both cathode and anode. The fully assembled lithium-ion capacitor (LIC) can deliver integrated high energy density (160.6 W h kg–1 at 223.8 W kg–1) and high power density (39.7 kW kg–1 at 37.0 W h kg–1), as well as a superior lifespan of 8000 cycles at 2 A g–1. Our work provides an effective synthetic route of biomass-derived carbon materials for advanced LICs.

Lithium-ion capacitors (LICs), which consist of capacitive cathodes from supercapacitors and battery-type anodes from lithium-ion batteries, have been regarded as promising energy storage devices with high energy density, high power density, and long cycle life. Prelithiation plays a crucial role in the manufacturing of LICs due to the low initial Coulombic efficiency of the anode. In this work, a simultaneous prelithiation and compatible modification strategy via the introduction of Li 2 S as a cathode prelithiation additive and lithium difluoro(oxalato)borate (LiDFOB) as an electrolyte additive has been demonstrated. With the help of the LiDFOB additive, the incompatibility between Li 2 S and the ester electrolyte can be greatly alleviated, which significantly lowers the delithiation potential of Li 2 S to 3.15 V vs Li/Li + with an impressively high irreversible specific capacity of 997 mA h g −1 . Furthermore, the LICs employing Li 2 S as a cathode prelithiation additive can easily realize anode prelithiation without gas release during the initial charging process, enabled by the decomposition of Li 2 S. This breakthrough is believed to shed light on the simplified fabrication of LICs via the cathode prelithiation method and hold great promise for largescale commercial applications.