Regulating the Pore Structure and Heteroatom Doping of Hollow Carbon Fiber Based on a Trifunctional Template Method for High-Performance Lithium-Ion Capacitors

Abstract

Poultry feather is an ideal carbon precursor for energy storage with natural fiber structure and abundant element doping. However, the collapse of the feather’s natural structure and the loss of doped elements during high-temperature treatment limit the application of feather-based active carbon. Herein, Mg­(NO3)2 is introduced as a trifunctional template for morphology supporting, pore creating, and element doping of duck feathers. MgO decomposed from Mg­(NO3)2 can prevent the fiber from melting during carbonization, so as to form a hollow structure and etch mesopores on the surface, while NOx decomposed from Mg­(NO3)2 will in situ dope the precursor. Benefitting from the hollow fiber structure and rich nitrogen and oxygen doping, feather-derived hierarchical porous carbon shows high specific capacity, excellent rate, and cycling performance as both cathode and anode. The fully assembled lithium-ion capacitor (LIC) can deliver integrated high energy density (160.6 W h kg–1 at 223.8 W kg–1) and high power density (39.7 kW kg–1 at 37.0 W h kg–1), as well as a superior lifespan of 8000 cycles at 2 A g–1. Our work provides an effective synthetic route of biomass-derived carbon materials for advanced LICs.

Salt-assisted synthesis of advanced carbon-based materials for energy-related applications

“…17j). 184 The resulting N-doped carbons possessed a high nitrogen content of 8.6-12.6 at%. When used as an anode for a sodium ion battery, a high reversible capacity of 419 mA h g −1 at 50 mA g −1 was achieved.…”

“…17a. 184 In their synthesis process, Mg(NO 3 ) 2 has three functions. First, Mg(NO 3 ) 2 acts as morphology support.…”

“…17j). 184 Dong et al reported the synthesis of highly N-doped carbons by using k-carrageenan as precursor in alkali metal nitrate. Similar to the work of Huang et al , the nitrate salt here acts as activation agent and dopant.…”

Review on Recent Applications of Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Materials in CO2 Capture and Energy Conversion and Storage

“…One of the most attractive research themes is utilizing biomass as a carbon material precursor due to abundance, sustainability, and structural stability. [50,51] Huang et al [52] synthesized N/O-doped porous carbon derived from duck feathers. The method of synthesis is unique, which utilized Mg(NO 3 ) 2 as a "trifunctional template" due to its function as a supporting material, in the creation of pores within the structure, and as a source of dopants (Figure 6a).…”

Enhancing Specific Energy in Sodium-Ion Hybrid Capacitors via Quasi-Anodeless Configuration

“…7,8 Among the various hybrid capacitor types, lithium-ion (Li-HCs) and sodium-ion (Na-HCs) hybrid capacitors have gained the most recognition and exhibit substantial potential for revolutionizing the energy storage technology. 9,10 Na-HCs have proven to be competitive, often matching or even surpassing the performance of Li-HCs. 11,12 When evaluating sustainability aspects, sodium-based energy storage systems emerge as highly appealing and viable choices.…”