In cultivated soils with pastures in different regions of the world, phosphorus (P) imbalances are recurrent. In addition to P deficiency, the occurrence of areas with excess P in the soil has increased, with damage to pasture production. This reality requires the search for thoughtful strategies such as the use of silicon (Si), which is an element known to attenuate stress in plants. However, the action of Si on morphogenetic and chemical characteristics of grasses forages cultivated in different soils is not known. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of P deficiency and excess on morphogenetic and chemical parameters, and on the digestibility of Zuri guinea grass cultivated in Oxisol and Entisol, and to analyze whether fertirrigation with nanosilica can mitigate the damage caused by these nutritional stresses. P deficiency decreased tiller number and grass protein content, and increased lignin content, while P excess increased the percentage of dead material and lignin, and decreased the leaf:stem ratio of plants, and both stresses decreased dry matter (DM) production. Fertirrigation with Si promoted better tillering and protein in deficient plants. In the excess of P, Si reduced tiller mortality and the lignin content of the plants, increasing the leaf:stem ratio and DM production, also increasing the production of plants with P sufficiency, without affecting the digestibility of the grass. Thus, the perspective is that the use of Si can improve the growth and chemical characteristics of forage grasses under P stress, and optimize production in nourished adapted plants, confident for more sustainable pasture production.
O efluente resultante da extração de óleo de palma, conhecido como POME (palm oil mill efluente) apresenta concentrações significativas de nutrientes de plantas, especialmente potássio (K). Buscando uma fonte alternativa de nutrientes para as pastagens e para a correta destinação do efluente, objetivou-se avaliar o potencial da utilização do POME como fonte de K na fertirrigação de pastagem. Foi conduzido um experimento com tratamentos em esquema fatorial 2x3, sendo duas fontes de K (KCl e POME), e três doses de K: 1370, 1700 e 1970 kg ha-1 ano-1 de K, com quatro repetições. As parcelas de 4 m2, foram cultivadas com Megathyrsus maximus cv. BRS Zuri, em condição irrigada. Avaliou-se os teores de N, P, K, Ca, Mg e S na matéria seca (MS) (g kg-1), a eficiência de uso dos nutrientes (g g-1), a produção de massa de forragem (MF, kg ha-1 de MS), a taxa de acúmulo de forragem (TAF, kg ha-1 dia-1 de MS) e a capacidade de suporte (CS, UA ha-1). Os dados foram submetidos a Anova pelo teste F e as médias comparadas pelo teste SNK a 5% de probabilidade. A fertirrigação com POME propiciou teores adequados de K na planta, e elevou o teor de P, Mg e Ca em relação ao adubo convencional. A produção alcançada foi de 40 t ha-1 de MS e não foi afetada pela fonte de K, alcançando uma CS de 10 UA ha-1. A fertirrigação com POME constitui uma fonte alternativa de K para as gramíneas forrageiras.
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