Canine hypoadrenocorticism may be characterized by insufficiency of adrenocortical hormonal secretion of glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids. Clinical signs are nonspecific such as dehydration, hypovolemic shock, bradycardia, hypotension, emesis, diarrhea, among other clinical and laboratory changes, and can mimic other diseases, and because of this, the disease can go unnoticed by the veterinarian, increasing the mortality and morbidity of patients seen in emergency consultations. Despite being of low occurrence, hypoadrenocorticism is often underdiagnosed, and should be considered in the differential diagnosis in the presence of gastrointestinal clinical signs or hypovolemic shock, and low Sodium:Potassium ratio. The definitive diagnosis is based on the dosage of cortisol before and after the application of the adrenocorticotrophic hormone. Acute treatment consists of patient stabilization, and chronic includes replacement of glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids. Prognosis is usually favorable if the diagnosis is early and the correct treatment is performed. This article is a review focusing on clinical signs, laboratory findings, diagnosis and treatment on canine hypoadrenocorticism, to increase the knowledge about the disease to veterinarians.
Dogs are considered the main reservoirs of visceral leishmaniasis for humans, which also present a chronic and severe clinical picture when affected. The objective of the present report was to describe a canine visceral leishmaniasis case diagnosed in Londrina, an indene city, and its investigation. A street animal with extensive dermatological lesions, onychogryphosis, mild anemia and leukopenia was attended at a veterinary hospital in Londrina, where positivity was reported for Leishmania spp. in serological tests. Cytology was positive in bone marrow, PCR and parasite culture were positive in skin, spleen, liver, lymph node and bone marrow, and DNA sequencing confirmed the species of the parasite as L. (L.) infantum. The official diagnosis was made by the Central Laboratory of Paraná (LACEN), and through an official report, an investigation of the case was started for the confirmation of autochthony. An active search for the vector and other canine cases in the neighborhood was carried out along with a search for information on the origin of the animal in question. However, the species, Lutzomyia longipalpis, new canine cases, or origin of the sick animal were not identified. Although, the present case cannot be confirmed as autochthonous, we suggest that it is necessary to disseminate the present report to serve as a warning to veterinarians and other public health professionals in the northern region of Paraná to be attentive to suspicious cases and to not fail to investigate these cases to the end. Key words: Leishmania (L.) infantum. Lutzomyia longipalpis. Street dog. ResumoOs cães são considerados os principais reservatórios da leishmaniose visceral para os humanos e também apresentam quadro clínico crônico e grave quando acometidos. O objetivo do presente relato foi descrever um caso de leishmaniose visceral canina diagnosticado em Londrina, um cidade indene, e sua investigação. Um animal de rua com extensas lesões dermatológicas, onicogrifose, anemia leve e leucopenia foi atendida em um hospital veterinário em Londrina, onde a positividade foi relatada para Leishmania spp. em testes sorológicos. A citologia foi positiva na medula óssea, a PCR e a cultura parasitária foram positivas na pele, baço, fígado, linfonodo e medula óssea. Com o sequenciamento de DNA confirmamos as espécies do parasita como L. (L.) infantum. O diagnóstico oficial foi feito pelo Laboratório Central do Paraná (LACEN) e, através de um relatório oficial, iniciou-se a investigação do caso para a verificação de autoctonia. Foi realizada uma busca ativa do vetor e outros casos caninos suspeitos no bairro, bem como a procura de informações sobre a origem do animal doente. No entanto, a espécie Lutzomyia longipalpis não foi identificada, nem novos casos caninos foram identificados ou mesmo a origem do animal doente esclarecida. Embora o presente caso não possa ser confirmado como autóctone, sugerimos que seja necessário divulgar o presente relato para servir de aviso aos veterinários e outros profissionais de saúde pública na reg...
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